《深化改革決定》要點(diǎn)雙語(yǔ)對(duì)照

十四、加快生態(tài)文明制度建設(shè)

XIV—Ecological civilization

必須建立系統(tǒng)完整的生態(tài)文明制度體系，實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的源頭保護(hù)制度。

A comprehensive system is to be established, featuring the strictest possible rules to protect the ecological system.

51. 健全自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和用途管制制度。對(duì)水流、森林等自然生態(tài)空間進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一確權(quán)登記，建立空間規(guī)劃體系，劃定生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)空間開(kāi)發(fā)管制界限。

51. Improve the property rights system for natural resources and the administration of their use. Register natural resources, such as bodies of water and forests, in the property rights system, establish a space-planning system and clarify development restrictions for land and space.

52. 劃定生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線(xiàn)。建立國(guó)家公園體制。建立資源環(huán)境承載能力監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警機(jī)制，對(duì)限制開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)域和生態(tài)脆弱的國(guó)家扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣取消地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值考核。探索編制自然資源資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部實(shí)行自然資源資產(chǎn)離任審計(jì)。建立生態(tài)環(huán)境損害責(zé)任終身追究制。

52. Draw a “red line” for ecological protection. To set up a national park system. Build monitoring and warning mechanisms for the carrying capacity of natural resources and the environment. End the GDP assessment of key poverty-alleviation areas with fragile eco-systems. Explore and establish a natural resources balance sheet, officials will receive audits on natural resources when leaving office. A lifelong responsibility system for bioenvironment damage will be established.

53. 實(shí)行資源有償使用制度和生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度。加快自然資源及其產(chǎn)品價(jià)格改革，逐步將資源稅擴(kuò)展到占用各種自然生態(tài)空間。提高工業(yè)用地價(jià)格。發(fā)展環(huán)保市場(chǎng)，推行節(jié)能量、碳排放權(quán)、排污權(quán)、水權(quán)交易制度。

53. Establish a system of paid use for natural resources ecological compensation. Accelerate reforms of natural resources commodities pricing, and gradually levy taxes on all kinds of natural resources and space. Increase the price of industrial land. Develop a market for environment protection and push ahead with a trading system for pollution discharge, carbon emissions and water rights.

54. 改革生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)管理體制。建立和完善嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管所有污染物排放的環(huán)境保護(hù)管理制度，及時(shí)公布環(huán)境信息，健全舉報(bào)制度，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)監(jiān)督。完善污染物排放許可制，對(duì)造成生態(tài)環(huán)境損害的責(zé)任者嚴(yán)格實(shí)行賠償制度，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。

54. Reform environmental protection and management systems. Establish a system in which all pollutants are monitored and regulated. Release timely environmental information and improve the reporting system to strengthen social supervision. Improve the pollutant-discharge licensing system and control the pollutants. Polluters who damage the environment must compensate for the damage and could receive criminal sanctions.

十五、深化國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)改革

XV—Defense and army reform

建設(shè)一支聽(tīng)黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風(fēng)優(yōu)良的人民軍隊(duì)。

The People's Liberation Army must be loyal to the CPC, be able to win and be persistent with its good traditions.

55. 深化軍隊(duì)體制編制調(diào)整改革。健全軍委聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮機(jī)構(gòu)和戰(zhàn)區(qū)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮體制，推進(jìn)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練和保障體制改革。優(yōu)化武裝警察部隊(duì)力量結(jié)構(gòu)和指揮管理體制。調(diào)整改善軍兵種比例、官兵比例、部隊(duì)與機(jī)關(guān)比例，減少非戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)構(gòu)和人員。

55. Deepen the reform of the military's composition and functions. Improve the combined combat command systems of the Central Military Commission and military commands. Push forward reform of training and logistics for joint combat operations. Optimize the structure and command mechanism of the Armed Police Force. Adjust the personnel composition of the military and reduce non-combatant departments and staff members.

56. 推進(jìn)軍隊(duì)政策制度調(diào)整改革。以建立軍官職業(yè)化制度為牽引，逐步形成科學(xué)規(guī)范的軍隊(duì)干部制度體系。健全軍費(fèi)管理制度。

56. Boost the adjustment of military policies and mechanisms. A modern personnel system for officers will gradually take shape with the establishment of an all-volunteer officer system as the initial step. Improve management of military expenditures.

57. 推動(dòng)軍民融合深度發(fā)展。改革國(guó)防科研生產(chǎn)管理和武器裝備采購(gòu)體制機(jī)制，引導(dǎo)優(yōu)勢(shì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)進(jìn)入軍品科研生產(chǎn)和維修領(lǐng)域。

57. Boost coordinated development of military and civilian industries. Reform the development, production and procurement of weapons. Encourage private businesses to invest in the development and repair sectors of military products.

十六、加強(qiáng)和改善黨對(duì)全面深化改革的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

XVI—CPC's leadership

加強(qiáng)和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，建設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)型、服務(wù)型、創(chuàng)新型的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨。

The CPC must strengthen and improve its leadership in such a way to become a Party that learns, innovates and serves the people.

58. 充分發(fā)揚(yáng)黨內(nèi)民主，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)中央權(quán)威，保證政令暢通，堅(jiān)定不移實(shí)現(xiàn)中央改革決策部署。中央成立全面深化改革領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，負(fù)責(zé)改革總體設(shè)計(jì)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)。

58. Promote intra-Party democracy and firmly maintain the central leadership, ensuring that orders are timely received and fully implemented. The Central Reform Leading Group is commissioned to design and coordinate the reform.

59. 改革和完善干部考核評(píng)價(jià)制度，推進(jìn)干部能上能下、能進(jìn)能出。打破體制壁壘，掃除身份障礙，讓人人都有成長(zhǎng)成才、脫穎而出的通道，讓各類(lèi)人才都有施展才華的廣闊天地。完善黨政機(jī)關(guān)、企事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)各方面人才順暢流動(dòng)的制度體系。廣泛吸引境外優(yōu)秀人才回國(guó)或來(lái)華創(chuàng)業(yè)發(fā)展。

59. Reform the evaluation and promotion system for Party officials. Improve a system in which officials can be demoted or fired for poor performance. Encourage talent and clear barriers to recruiting the best. Smooth talent flow among Party and government bodies, enterprises and social organizations. Better attract foreign talent and overseas Chinese to develop their careers in China.

60. 鼓勵(lì)地方、基層和群眾大膽探索，加強(qiáng)重大改革試點(diǎn)工作。及時(shí)總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，寬容改革失誤。

60. Encourage innovation and exploration at the local and grassroots level. Strengthen the major reform pilot program, timely sum up experience and tolerate mistakes.