《深化改革決定》要點(diǎn)雙語(yǔ)對(duì)照

十二、推進(jìn)社會(huì)事業(yè)改革創(chuàng)新

XII—Social services

實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，必須加快社會(huì)事業(yè)改革。

Reform is to be quickened to allow more benefits from the development to be more equally shared by all people.

42. 深化教育領(lǐng)域綜合改革。推進(jìn)考試招生制度改革，學(xué)生考試多次選擇，從根本上解決一考定終身的弊端。擴(kuò)大省級(jí)政府教育統(tǒng)籌權(quán)和學(xué)校辦學(xué)自主權(quán)。

42. Deepen educational reform. Continue reforms of the examination and enrollment system by evaluating students not only by their final exam scores but also their performance in school. Students should get more than one chance to take an exam that decides their enrollment. Provincial-level educational authorities and schools should enjoy greater autonomy.

43. 健全促進(jìn)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)體制機(jī)制。促進(jìn)以高校畢業(yè)生為重點(diǎn)的青年就業(yè)和農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力、城鎮(zhèn)困難人員、退役軍人就業(yè)。實(shí)行激勵(lì)高校畢業(yè)生自主創(chuàng)業(yè)政策，整合發(fā)展國(guó)家和省級(jí)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)基金。

43. Improve the supporting mechanism for employment and entrepreneurship. Employment-supporting policies should target college graduates, migrant workers, impoverished city dwellers and retired soldiers. Entrepreneurship of college students and making better use of government funds to help graduates work and start their own businesses should be promoted.

44. 形成合理有序的收入分配格局。健全工資決定和正常增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制，完善企業(yè)工資集體協(xié)商制度。優(yōu)化上市公司投資者回報(bào)機(jī)制，保護(hù)投資者尤其是中小投資者合法權(quán)益，多渠道增加居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入。完善慈善捐助減免稅制度，清理規(guī)范隱性收入。

44. Optimize the income distribution system. Improve collective bargaining between capital and labor to decide salaries and pay raises. Protect investors' legal rights and improve the investment return system for listed companies. Increase residents' income by diversifying investment channels. Improve tax deduction policies on charitable donations. Clean up gray income.

45. 建立更加公平可持續(xù)的社會(huì)保障制度。研究制定漸進(jìn)式延遲退休年齡政策。實(shí)現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金全國(guó)統(tǒng)籌，推進(jìn)機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度改革。推進(jìn)基金多元化投資運(yùn)營(yíng)。加快建立社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系和發(fā)展老年服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。健全農(nóng)村留守兒童、婦女、老年人關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)體系。

45. Establish a fairer and more sustainable social welfare system. Stipulate policies for gradually suspending the retirement age of employees. The central government will take over the social pooling component of pensions for urban and rural residents. Speed up reform of pension programs for employees in public institutions affiliated with government departments. Diversify investment vehicles for the national social security fund. Further develop the elderly services industry and improve protection mechanisms for left-behind children, women and seniors.

46. 深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施一方是獨(dú)生子女的夫婦可生育兩個(gè)孩子的政策，逐步調(diào)整完善生育政策。加快公立醫(yī)院改革。鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)辦醫(yī)，優(yōu)先支持舉辦非營(yíng)利性醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。允許醫(yī)師多點(diǎn)執(zhí)業(yè)，允許民辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)納入醫(yī)保定點(diǎn)范圍。

46. Deepen the reform of the medical and health sectors. Allow couples to have two children if one parent is a single child and improve the family planning policy. Speed the reform of public hospitals. Encourage private investment in the medical sector and prioritize supporting nonprofit hospitals run by private investors. Allow doctors to have a license to work in more than one hospital. Allow medical insurance to cover private hospitals.

十三、創(chuàng)新社會(huì)治理體制

XIII—Social governance

最大限度增加和諧因素，增強(qiáng)社會(huì)發(fā)展活力，維護(hù)國(guó)家安全

Efforts are to be made to promote harmony and vitality of society and to maintain State security.

47. 改進(jìn)社會(huì)治理方式。運(yùn)用法治思維和法治方式化解社會(huì)矛盾。健全基層綜合服務(wù)管理平臺(tái)，及時(shí)反映和協(xié)調(diào)人民群眾各方面各層次利益訴求。

47. Innovate social governance methods. Use legal frameworks and legal methods to reconcile social conflicts. The government should continue to optimize governance and service platforms at the grassroots level and respond to the interests of the people in a timely manner.

48. 激發(fā)社會(huì)組織活力。適合由社會(huì)組織提供的公共服務(wù)和解決的事項(xiàng)，交由社會(huì)組織承擔(dān)。重點(diǎn)培育和優(yōu)先發(fā)展行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)類(lèi)、科技類(lèi)、公益慈善類(lèi)、城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)服務(wù)類(lèi)社會(huì)組織，成立時(shí)直接依法申請(qǐng)登記。

48. Stimulate the vitality of social organizations. Social organizations will take over public services they are suitable to provide. The country will prioritize the development of industry associations, trade unions and social organizations in fields of science and charity, as well as urban and rural community services. They are to directly apply and register according to the law when they are founded.

49. 創(chuàng)新有效預(yù)防和化解社會(huì)矛盾體制。健全重大決策社會(huì)穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)制。改革行政復(fù)議體制，糾正違法或不當(dāng)行政行為。改革信訪工作制度，實(shí)行網(wǎng)上受理信訪制度。

49. Reform the project of preventing and reconciling social conflicts. A plan will be established to evaluate risks to social stability in the making of major decisions. The country will further reform the administrative review system and correct illegal or inappropriate administrative actions. The petition system will be reformed and a system established to take public petitions online.

50.健全公共安全體系。完善統(tǒng)一權(quán)威的食品藥品安全監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)。建立食品原產(chǎn)地可追溯制度和質(zhì)量標(biāo)識(shí)制度，設(shè)立國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)，確保國(guó)家安全。

50. Improve the public security system. The country will build a strict supervisory system covering food and drug safety. A tracing-back system will be created for food production and quality labeling. The country will set up a State security committee in order to ensure the security of the nation.