英漢翻譯的原理與實(shí)踐Ｕnit12

Unit 12

I、課外練習(xí)參考譯文：

我們很多人與自然的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)于我們對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)的態(tài)度。“哎呀!有只蟲(chóng)子，快踩死它!”看來(lái)，只有瓢蟲(chóng)和蝴蝶才得以幸免于這種討厭所有蟲(chóng)子的態(tài)度。

一切仇視和懼怕都是由于無(wú)知，我們對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)的敵視態(tài)度也不例外。不可否認(rèn)，昆蟲(chóng)叮咬引起疼痛讓人不好受，而且昆蟲(chóng)還會(huì)傳播疾病;但是，如果冷靜地看一看，即使害蟲(chóng)也非常美麗。

我們從昆蟲(chóng)遺骸化石的研究中獲知，昆蟲(chóng)在地球上已生存了將近4億年。今天我們無(wú)論在哪里都能看到大量昆蟲(chóng)。在極地的雪原和高山的頂峰都發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)昆蟲(chóng)。

蜜蜂、黃蜂、螞蟻、白蟻等昆蟲(chóng)都有關(guān)系復(fù)雜的群落，群落中不同的成員有專門的分工：有的覓食，有的防衛(wèi)，有的傳種接代。工蜂的一生甚至先后分別承擔(dān)幾種工作：最初三周的幼蜂負(fù)責(zé)照料蜂王和峰卵，清潔蜂巢，在入口處扇動(dòng)翅膀?yàn)榉涑步禍?，攻擊或圍殲入侵者。只有在這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)階段期滿之后，工蜂才能離開(kāi)蜂巢出去采集花蜜和花粉。

除了這種行為之外，有些螞蟻還能用碎葉片當(dāng)勺子把流質(zhì)食物運(yùn)回巢穴。你不禁會(huì)說(shuō)昆蟲(chóng)是“智能動(dòng)物”，并把昆蟲(chóng)群落與人類社會(huì)加以比較。

有些很普通的昆蟲(chóng)其實(shí)非常漂亮精致，這種欣賞的樂(lè)趣唾手可得，然而人們偏偏不愿意去體驗(yàn)，真是令人痛心。只要拿起一個(gè)手提放大鏡，片刻之間你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)充滿美麗圖案的新世界。

II、英漢翻譯原理第五講：有哪些常用的翻譯技巧?(續(xù))

(二)轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞：

1、名詞派生的動(dòng)詞

【例106】 In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite.

【譯文】 在希臘神話中，阿佛洛狄特女神是愛(ài)的化身。

【例107】 Bright colours and bold strokes characterize his early paintings.

【譯文】 他早期繪畫的特點(diǎn)是色彩鮮明，筆法粗獷。

【例108】 They are already planning to staff the management in the event the joint venture is formed.

【譯文】 他們已經(jīng)在打算合資企業(yè)一旦建成后經(jīng)理部門的人事安排。

2、形容詞

【例109】 He felt responsible for her death.

【譯文】 他覺(jué)得她的死他有責(zé)任。

【例110】 Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship.

【譯文】 缺乏信任對(duì)人際關(guān)系的危害很大。

(三)轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞：

【例111】 Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success.

【譯文】 勤奮和才智對(duì)于獲得成功是頗為重要的。

【例112】 I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question.

【譯文】 我有很多工作要做，今年休假是不可能的了。

【例113】 It's such a nuisance that I've got to work on Saturday.

【譯文】 我星期六還得上班，真討厭。

【例114】 As he was a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.

【譯文】 他對(duì)這座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能給他必要的幫助。

【例115】 There's no point arguing about it -- just do as you're told.

【譯文】 爭(zhēng)論是沒(méi)有意義的，叫你怎么做你就怎么做。

(四)其它詞性轉(zhuǎn)譯：

【例116】 The dominant factor in the growth of the company in question throughout the years has been its success in maintaining technical superiority in product design and manufacturing techniques.

【譯文】 該公司多年來(lái)發(fā)展壯大的主要因素是一貫成功地保持了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和制造工藝上的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

【例117】 This time-lag is difficult to explain, but there are three possible reasons.

【譯文】 這種時(shí)滯現(xiàn)象很難解釋，但可能有三個(gè)原因。

【例118】 People would benefit greatly from a pollution-free vehicle.

【譯文】 無(wú)污染車輛會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)很大的好處。

二、分句法和合句法：

(一)分句法：

【例119】 He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labours.

×他訪問(wèn)了許多地方，到處受到對(duì)他的艱苦努力所一貫表示的熱情歡迎。

【譯文】 他訪問(wèn)了許多地方，到處受到熱情的歡迎。他的艱苦努力是一貫受到熱請(qǐng)歡迎的。

【例120】 Eventually, more as a last hope than with any real confidence in a result, a sub-committee was formed to try to reconcile differences between them.

×最后，對(duì)其結(jié)果并無(wú)真正信心，只是抱有最后一點(diǎn)希望，成立了一個(gè)小組委員會(huì)，試圖調(diào)解他們之間的分歧。

【譯文】 最后成立了一個(gè)小組委員會(huì)試圖調(diào)解他們之間的分歧。這只是最后一點(diǎn)希望，對(duì)其結(jié)果如何并非真有信心。

【例121】 Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age, and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.

【譯文】 知識(shí)是人到老年時(shí)舒適而又必需的精神歸宿。如果年輕時(shí)不種下知識(shí)之樹(shù)，老年時(shí)就得不到樹(shù)蔭的遮蔽。

【例122】 He has long been held in cordial contempt by his colleagues; now that contempt was no longer cordial.

【譯文】 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，他的同僚們雖然看不起他，卻還是對(duì)他有些親切感;現(xiàn)在，除了看不起之外，親切感已沒(méi)有了。

【例123】 The society dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense.

【譯文】 該協(xié)會(huì)否定現(xiàn)代關(guān)于地球形狀的公認(rèn)看法，認(rèn)為都是一派胡言。

III、課堂練習(xí)(運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧，將下列句子譯成流暢通順的漢語(yǔ))：

1.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.

2.You are free to go out and see and meet people, and therefore you have control over loneliness; you are not its prisoner.

3.Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward the distance.

4.Rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.

5.I talked to him with brutal frankness.

6.He took a house on a lease of ten years.

7.As I know more of mankind I expect less of them, and am now ready to call a man a good man more easily than formerly.

8.Truth is tough. It will not break, like a bubble, at a touch; nay, you may kick it about all day like a football, and it will be round and full at evening. Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design.

IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：

1.發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對(duì)他的人，他就本能地要以他的魅力和風(fēng)趣把這個(gè)人爭(zhēng)取過(guò)來(lái)。

2.你可以隨意出去走走，去會(huì)會(huì)別人，所以，你不是孤獨(dú)的俘虜，你是主人。

3.偶爾下一點(diǎn)毛毛雨，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的閃電使得我們時(shí)不時(shí)憂慮地朝遠(yuǎn)處探望。

4.有錢的太太小姐們大多忙于無(wú)數(shù)雞毛蒜皮的小事請(qǐng)，而且她們深信這些事情都驚天動(dòng)地非常重要。

5.我對(duì)他講的話，雖然逆耳，卻是忠言。

6.他租了一棟房子，租期為十年。

7.隨著我對(duì)人類了解越多，我的期望就越低。我現(xiàn)在說(shuō)人家是好人比過(guò)去容易得多了。

8.真理是堅(jiān)韌的，不會(huì)像氣泡那樣一觸即破;不僅如此，還可以像足球一樣，整天任人踢來(lái)踢去，到晚上還同樣形圓氣足。

V、課外練習(xí)(將以下短文譯成漢語(yǔ)，注意運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧時(shí)譯文流暢通順)：

In empty-shell marriages the spouses feel no strong attachments to each other. Outside pressures keep the marriage together. Such outside pressures include business reasons, investment reasons and outward appearances. In addition, a couple may believe that ending the marriage would harm the children or that getting a divorce would be morally wrong.

Three types of empty-shell marriages have been identified. In a devitalized relationship husband and wife lack excitement or any real interest in their spouse or their marriage. Boredom and apathy characterize this marriage. Yet serious arguments are rare. In a conflict-habituated relationship husband and wife frequently quarrel in private. They may also quarrel in public or put up a facade of being compatible. The relationship is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness. And in a passive-congenial relationship both partners are not happy, but are content with their lives and generally feel adequate. The partners may have some interests in common, but these interests are generally insignificant. This type of relationship generally has little overt conflict.

The number of empty-shell marriages is unknown -- it may be as high as the number of happily married couples. The atmosphere in empty-shell marriages is without much fun or laughter. Members do not share and discuss their problems or experiences with each other. Communication is kept to a minimum. Children in such families are usually starved for love and reluctant to have friends over as they are embarrassed about having their friends see their parents interacting. The couples in these marriages engage in few activities together and display no pleasure in being in one another's company. The members are highly aware of each other's weaknesses and sensitive areas, and they manage to frequently mention these areas in order to hurt one another. (292 words)