英漢翻譯的原理與實(shí)踐unit13

Unit 13

I、課外練習(xí)參考譯文：

空殼婚姻的配偶雙方之間沒有很強(qiáng)的依戀感。婚姻的維系依靠種種外界壓力，包括事務(wù)原因、資產(chǎn)原因以及面子問題。此外，夫妻雙方可能認(rèn)為終止婚姻會(huì)殃及孩子，或者認(rèn)為離婚就是道德敗壞。

空殼婚姻有三種類型。一種是死氣沉沉的婚姻：在這種婚姻關(guān)系中夫妻倆對(duì)于配偶或婚姻缺乏激情，或者缺乏真正的興趣。厭倦冷漠是這種婚姻的特點(diǎn)，但很少有激烈的爭(zhēng)吵。第二種是爭(zhēng)吵成習(xí)的婚姻：在這種婚姻關(guān)系中夫妻之間私下里經(jīng)常爭(zhēng)吵，在公開場(chǎng)合也會(huì)爭(zhēng)吵，或者也會(huì)表面上裝得和睦相處。這種婚姻關(guān)系的特點(diǎn)是沖突不斷、關(guān)系緊張、怨恨不已。第三種是消極契合的婚姻：這種婚姻關(guān)系的雙方都不幸福，但生活上滿足，通常感到差強(qiáng)人意。雙方可能有一些共同興趣，但這種興趣一般微不足道。這種婚姻關(guān)系通常很少發(fā)生公開的沖突。

有多少婚姻是空殼婚姻不得而知，也許同美滿婚姻一樣多?？諝せ橐龅募彝夥諞]有什么歡聲笑語。家庭成員之間對(duì)各自的問題或經(jīng)歷不聞不問，相互交流極少。在這樣的家庭中孩子通常缺乏愛，也不愿意請(qǐng)朋友到家里來，因?yàn)樽屌笥芽吹礁改柑Ц苁欠浅ｋy堪的。這種婚姻的夫妻很少一起做事情，兩人相伴并無樂趣。家庭成員對(duì)彼此的弱點(diǎn)和痛處非常清楚，而且還經(jīng)常千方百計(jì)把這些東西掛在嘴邊傷害對(duì)方。

II、英漢翻譯基本原理第五講：有哪些常用的翻譯技巧?(續(xù))

(二)合句法：

【例124】 Towards evening, the attack of the French slackened in its fury. They had other foes besides the British to engage, or were preparing for a final onset.

【譯文】 將近傍晚，法軍的攻勢(shì)逐漸松懈，或許因?yàn)樗鼈兂擞酥膺€有別的交戰(zhàn)敵人，或許正在準(zhǔn)備發(fā)動(dòng)最后的一次總攻擊。

【例125】 The remembrance rankles still in the bosoms of millions of the countrymen. They pant for an opportunity of revenging that humiliation.

【譯文】 千百萬同胞們至今回想起此事依然覺得懊喪，恨不得有機(jī)會(huì)趕快報(bào)仇雪恥。

【例126】 The coup d'etat of Thermidor was staged on July 27, 1704. Robespierre and his supporters were overthrown and the Committee of Public Safety was ended.

【譯文】 1794年7月27日的熱月政變推翻了羅伯斯庇爾及其支持者，公安委員會(huì)也隨之倒臺(tái)。

三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的譯法：

(一)譯成漢語主動(dòng)句：

1、原文有動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或其他相關(guān)成分可作譯文主語時(shí)，被動(dòng)句可譯成主動(dòng)句

【例127】 What is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed.

【譯文】 外界很少有人知道，這種無法做到的情況是立法造成的，是經(jīng)過精心策劃的。

【例128】 American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels.

【譯文】 允許美國俘虜領(lǐng)取紅十字會(huì)的食品包裹。

【例129】 When (it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge.

【譯文】 用望遠(yuǎn)鏡看，太陽接近邊緣的部分顯得略暗。

【例130】 One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.

【譯文】 必須承認(rèn)，這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字反映了許多不滿情緒。

【例131】 A surprising amount of one's time as a student or professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients.

【譯文】 學(xué)生或職業(yè)人士花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間撰寫報(bào)告，以向老師、經(jīng)理或客戶講述研究項(xiàng)目的成果。

2、原文動(dòng)詞的漢語對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞兼有及物和不及物用法時(shí)，被動(dòng)句可譯作主動(dòng)句

【例132】 The old woman's body was found at the end of the alley.

【譯文】 老婦人的尸體在小巷盡頭發(fā)現(xiàn)了。

【例133】 In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.

【譯文】 搬家時(shí)大部分家具要么留給了鄰居，要么分給了朋友。

3. 運(yùn)用詞性轉(zhuǎn)譯法技巧，將英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯作漢語主動(dòng)語態(tài)

【例134】 Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender.

【譯文】 對(duì)于各項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的評(píng)估，不要看其令人們高興的程度，使人們滿意的程度，而要看其引起的不滿情緒屬于什么性質(zhì)。

4. 轉(zhuǎn)換成其他表達(dá)方式，將英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯作漢語主動(dòng)語態(tài)

【例135】 The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.

【譯文】 由于打破了權(quán)力的高度集中，經(jīng)濟(jì)獲得了自由。

【例136】 These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders.

【譯文】 這些經(jīng)紀(jì)人按買家和賣家的囑咐進(jìn)行交易，從中收取傭金。

【例137】 Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible.

【譯文】 有些人誤認(rèn)為人們喜歡積蓄精力，喜歡休息，喜歡盡可能褒揚(yáng)自己。

5. 重新組織原文的語句結(jié)構(gòu)，將英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯作漢語主動(dòng)語態(tài)

【例138】 When the ideas of a scientist are expressed in simple mathematical form, new relationships and new channels of investigation often suggest themselves.

【譯文】 科學(xué)家在用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)形式表達(dá)概念時(shí)，研究工作常常會(huì)表現(xiàn)出新的關(guān)系和新的途徑。

【例139】 A ten percent reduction in auto accidents has been realized by exercising a tighter control on the highway speed limit.

【譯文】 由于加強(qiáng)了公路車速限制，車禍?zhǔn)鹿蕼p少了一成。

【例140】 The behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors.

【譯文】 在管道中流動(dòng)的液體，其性能受到多種因素的影響。

III、課堂練習(xí)(運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧，將下列句子譯成流暢通順的漢語)：

1.A group of sharks were spotted off the coast earlier this month.

2.The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.

3.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.

4.Over the years 26 amendments have been added to the Constitution, but the basic document has not been changed.

5.While there are literally thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively are usually listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

6.I was feeling far from well, as a heavy cold and sore throat were reinforced by the consequences of inoculation against typhoid fever.

7.Spare-time learners are usually the best learners. Their rate of learning is helped by the fact that they want to learn and consequently try to learn.

8.Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing.

IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：

1.本月的前些時(shí)候曾發(fā)現(xiàn)沿海有一群鯊魚。

2.大火使這家著名旅館幾乎化為灰燼。

3.他年青時(shí)形成的自卑感一直沒有完全消失。

4.這些年來憲法增加了26項(xiàng)修正案，但是其基本文件始終未變。

5.股票的種類數(shù)以千計(jì)，但買賣最活躍的通常是在紐約證券交易所上市的股票。

6.我感到很不舒服。本來就得了重感冒，嗓子又疼，加上注射了傷寒預(yù)防針，就更嚴(yán)重了。

7.利用業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)的人往往學(xué)得最好，他們想學(xué)，所以努力去學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)中進(jìn)步因此就很快。

8.如果讓人們根據(jù)自己的選擇自行安排時(shí)間，大多數(shù)人會(huì)茫然不知所措，想不出什么非常開心的事情值得一做。

V、課外練習(xí)(將以下短文譯成漢語，注意運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧時(shí)譯文流暢通順)：

The fact that you can look up words in a dictionary can be traced to a man named Noah Webster(諾•韋伯斯特). He produced the first dictionary of American English.

Noah Webster was a person who loved words. He was born in West Hartford(西哈特福德), Connecticut, in 1758. Webster studied at Yale and later became a teacher and a writer.

In 1782 Webster was teaching at an elementary school in Goshen(戈申), New York. He saw that the school-books he was using had left out something he felt was important. The books Webster had to use in his teaching came from England. These books were just fine for teaching English children. But they paid no attention to American culture. Remember, the United States had only just won its independence from England. Americans still educated their children the same way the British did. Noah Webster wanted to give his students an education that was strongly American.

To do this, in 1783 he published a spelling book for schoolchildren. Its full title was The American Spelling Book. The spelling guide became very popular. Over the years, it sold more than a hundred million copies. Copies were still being sold during much of the 1900s.

The spelling book gave Webster the idea for a dictionary of American word usage. Webster published his first dictionary in 1806. It was called the Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. Webster wanted this book to help set rules of American spelling. It contained only about a thousand words.

In writing his first dictionary, Webster was preparing for something grander. In 1807 he began work on An American Dictionary of the English Language. Webster was seventy years old when he published the first edition of this important work in 1928. (289 words)