代詞

(2) this和these常指后面將要講到的事物，有啟下的作用，that和those常指前面已經(jīng)講到過(guò)的事物，起承上的作用。

例：I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我將對(duì)你說(shuō)這一點(diǎn)：他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他沒(méi)來(lái)的原因。

He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花費(fèi)了他5美元。

(3) that和those有時(shí)可用來(lái)代替前面提到過(guò)的東西，以避免重復(fù)這個(gè)名詞：

These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 這些機(jī)器比我們?nèi)ツ晟a(chǎn)的好。

The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油產(chǎn)量比1986年高很多。

The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中國(guó)的歷史同俄國(guó)的歷史一樣有趣。

(4) 在電話(huà)中，this表示打電話(huà)者，that表示接電話(huà)的對(duì)方。

例：A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鮑勃。

B: Who's that please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)是哪位?(美語(yǔ)用Who's it?或Who's this?)

3、such也是一個(gè)指示代詞，在句子中可用作：

(1) 定語(yǔ)：

We have had such a busy day. 我們今天忙得真夠嗆。

I don’t like such weather. 我不喜歡這樣的天氣。

(2) 主語(yǔ)：

Such was my immediate impression. 這就是我當(dāng)時(shí)的印象。

Such are the results. 結(jié)果就是如此。

(3) 表語(yǔ)：

His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病還不至于使人焦慮不安。