英語(yǔ)中英譯漢技巧

以下淺談?dòng)⒆g漢的幾點(diǎn)技巧。

第一，翻譯時(shí)注意英文的句型，英文的句型一般來(lái)說(shuō)有相應(yīng)的中文譯法。如It的句型的翻譯：

(1)It is+名詞十從句：

It is a fact that…事實(shí)是……

It is a question that………是個(gè)問(wèn)題

It is good news that………是好消息

it is common knowledge………是常識(shí)

(2) It is+過(guò)去分詞十從句：

It is said that…據(jù)說(shuō)……

It must be pointed out that…必須指出……

It is asserted that…有人主張……

It is supposed that…據(jù)推測(cè)……

It is believed that…據(jù)信……

It must be admitted that…必須承認(rèn)……

It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道……

It will be seen from ii that…由此可見(jiàn)……

It has been proved that…已證明……

It is general1y considered that…人們普遍認(rèn)為……

(3)It is+形容詞十從句：

It is necessary that…有必要……

It is likely that…很可能……

It is clear that…很清楚……

It is important that…重要的是……

(4) It+不及物動(dòng)詞十從句：

It follows that…由此可見(jiàn)……

It happens that…碰巧……

It turned out that…結(jié)果是……

第二，注意英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句的翻譯。英文的被動(dòng)句經(jīng)常用漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句表達(dá)，如：You are requested to give a performance

英文的被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句：請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。英文中被動(dòng)意義也可以用漢語(yǔ)中含有主動(dòng)意義的句子來(lái)表達(dá)。常譯成“被”、“由”、“受”、“為…所”等等。例如：

What is feared as failure in American society is，above all，loneliness.(在美國(guó)社會(huì)中作為失敗而為人們所恐懼的，莫過(guò)于孤獨(dú)了。)

第三，注意長(zhǎng)句的翻譯。首先不要被長(zhǎng)句嚇住，即使是很長(zhǎng)的句子，也是由最基本的成分組成。分析句子的基本成分，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。抓住主干部分，然后逐次分析各詞意思以及相互間的邏輯、語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，再進(jìn)行翻譯。值得注意的是關(guān)系分句的翻譯。關(guān)系分句主要功能是作名詞(詞組)的后置修飾語(yǔ)(即定語(yǔ))，但除作名詞修飾語(yǔ)外，關(guān)系分句還可起其他作用，比如起狀語(yǔ)分句和并列分句的作用，因此譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意，限定性關(guān)系分句翻譯時(shí)因?yàn)橛⑽闹糜诿~后，漢語(yǔ)則將其置于先行項(xiàng)(antecedent)的前邊，使其譯成帶有“的”字的定語(yǔ)句子，如：I

want a wife who will work and send me to school.(我想要個(gè)既能工作又能送我上學(xué)的老婆)。有的句子過(guò)長(zhǎng)，前置會(huì)顯得累贅，或不符合漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，這樣我們翻譯時(shí)將從句后置，把它翻譯成跟主句平行的并列句。如：I

want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's duties but a1ways listens

to me.(我想要個(gè)老婆，她不會(huì)以妻子的義務(wù)來(lái)打攪我，而是始終聽(tīng)命于我。)

非限制性關(guān)系分句和它的先行項(xiàng)之間有比較松散的關(guān)系。就其意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，在句子中有時(shí)相當(dāng)于二個(gè)并列分句，有時(shí)在語(yǔ)義上起狀語(yǔ)分句的作用，翻譯時(shí)可將其后置譯成并列句，例如：

The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow.(太陽(yáng)溫暖了大地，這才使植物有可能生長(zhǎng)。)也可以完全脫離主句，譯成獨(dú)立句。如：She

was very patient towards the children， which her husband seldom was.(她對(duì)孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。)

Exercises： Put the following into Chinese:

①I(mǎi)t is reported that they have found another star.

②It happens that I have my check-book with me.

③It is likely that he will succeed.

④It is a question that we arrive before l0 o'clock.

⑤She was advised to take the medicine。

⑥she told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown.

⑦I'll never forget the day when l came to the University.

⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film， which was about World War II.

Key to the exercises：

①據(jù)報(bào)道，他們又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆星。

②碰巧我?guī)е辈尽?/p>

③很可能他將成功。

④我們必須十點(diǎn)鐘前到達(dá)是個(gè)問(wèn)題。

⑤她被勸告吃藥。

⑤她告訴我她的家鄉(xiāng)正在建造一個(gè)大型水庫(kù)。

⑦我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我來(lái)這所大學(xué)的那一天。

⑧昨晚我看了一部精彩的電影，是關(guān)于二次世界大戰(zhàn)的。