Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents.
Many, aged 3—4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools).Pre-school education may also be provided in some private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents).
The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up“early years development plans” for securing these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish “early excellence centers” designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare.
In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from August 1998, in planning and coordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998.
Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places.
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (漢譯英) (40 points)
向一位著名的女作家祝賀她八十歲壽辰,這樣的機(jī)會(huì)是不多的,所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的時(shí)候,心情非常激動(dòng)。我解釋說希望她給我講一下她是怎樣成為詩人的。“我已有多年沒有寫詩了,”她微笑說,“可是我還是愛讀好詩。”
冰心很幸運(yùn)地有鼓勵(lì)她學(xué)習(xí)和寫作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子學(xué)院念書時(shí),一個(gè)事件改變了她生命的整個(gè)道路。那就是五四運(yùn)動(dòng),一個(gè)由北京學(xué)生發(fā)動(dòng)的愛國民主運(yùn)動(dòng)。群眾游行示威的場(chǎng)面給她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗爭(zhēng)中,并被學(xué)生會(huì)任命負(fù)責(zé)宣傳工作。她寫了詩歌、文章和故事,以抨擊帝國主義和各種形式的封建主義。
她在1923年到美國去學(xué)文學(xué),在旅途中和在美國居留中寫下了她的感受。這些都收在一個(gè)集子里出版,就是《寄小讀者》。這本書使她聲譽(yù)突起。這不僅是因?yàn)樗且晃慌骷?,而是因?yàn)闀械母呱械那椴佟S胁簧佥^年輕的作家說,是冰心的作品使他們走上了其后所走的道路。
Section 1 英譯漢 (60分)
按照法律規(guī)定,在英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士,家長(zhǎng)一定要使自己的孩子在5歲至16歲期間在學(xué)?;蚱渌胤浇邮苋罩平逃?,在北愛爾蘭則為4歲至16歲。大約93%的學(xué)生享受公家提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的免費(fèi)教育,其他學(xué)生上獨(dú)立學(xué)校,這種學(xué)校靠學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)繳費(fèi)來籌措經(jīng)費(fèi)。
許多三、四歲的孩子上幼兒園和幼兒班(在英格蘭還有小學(xué)校里的小班)。某些民辦的日托幼兒園和學(xué)前游戲小組(大都是家長(zhǎng)組織的)也提供學(xué)前教育。
政府已作出承諾,要大力發(fā)展學(xué)前教育,使所有的兒童在開始上學(xué)的時(shí)候在識(shí)字和識(shí)數(shù)方面都有一點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)。在英格蘭和威爾士,政府從1998年9月開始為所有4歲的孩子提供免費(fèi)幼兒教育,如果他們的父母需要的話。政府還承諾,隨后要分階段實(shí)現(xiàn)為三歲的孩子提供免費(fèi)幼兒教育的目標(biāo)。為達(dá)到這些目標(biāo),地方教育當(dāng)局與民間志愿辦學(xué)者合作,已制定出“早期教育發(fā)展計(jì)劃”。制訂這類計(jì)劃意在表明民辦幼兒園、游戲小組和學(xué)??梢栽鯓油ㄟ^合作來最好地為孩子和家長(zhǎng)服務(wù)。從 1999年4月起,早期教育發(fā)展組織和發(fā)展計(jì)劃將擴(kuò)大范圍,以提供與早期教育相結(jié)合的優(yōu)良的兒童保健。此外,政府還在英格蘭與地方當(dāng)局以及其它部門合作建立“優(yōu)秀早期教育中心”,以展示教育與兒童保健方面的好的做法。
在蘇格蘭,地方教育當(dāng)局一直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這方面的工作。1998年8月以來,他們與民間志愿辦學(xué)者合作,進(jìn)行規(guī)劃,協(xié)調(diào)學(xué)前教育,提供更多名額。政府計(jì)劃在1998年冬季前使所有的兒童在上學(xué)前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。
北愛爾蘭義務(wù)教育入學(xué)年齡較低,為4歲,每年9月學(xué)生按統(tǒng)一日期入學(xué)。一項(xiàng)由教育局與圖書館管理局、其它法定辦學(xué)單位和民間志愿辦學(xué)者聯(lián)合執(zhí)行的學(xué)前教育發(fā)展計(jì)劃已經(jīng)增加了學(xué)前教育學(xué)生的名額。
Section 2 漢譯英(40分)
It isn’t often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year,when I went to Bing Xin’s house,I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I haven’t written poetry for many years,” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.”
Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a women’s college in Beijing in 1919,an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement,a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems,articles and stories,attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms.
Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature,she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame,not only because she was a woman writer,but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xin’s writings that started them on the road they have since followed.
瘋狂英語 英語語法 新概念英語 走遍美國 四級(jí)聽力 英語音標(biāo) 英語入門 發(fā)音 美語 四級(jí) 新東方 七年級(jí) 賴世雄 zero是什么意思廣州市東湖銘泰公館英語學(xué)習(xí)交流群