2016年5月CATTI三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題(整理版)

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)英譯中(選自2014年11月紐約時(shí)報(bào))

Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that youcouldn’t see the sky.Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwesternSenegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere,but hardly any dried grass is.

Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said GillesBoetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegaleseresearchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure ofthe herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “Thevegetationcan’t regenerate itself.”

Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each yearit has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of landthat is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great GreenWall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an allianceto plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert.While manycountries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with thecreation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.

“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible forpeople to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in aninterview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers andthe French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology,medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doingthings that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said.Eachyear since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosingand overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting.In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants,allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry seasonsets in.

After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in theground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or10 feet, tall.So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000hectares this　summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-LucPeiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand,France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.

“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impacton temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates amicroclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an importantrole in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a largerough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added.Wildlife is responding tothe changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.

The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved itsindependence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals,tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.

Section2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)中譯英(選自《中國(guó)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)》白皮書)

健康是促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，實(shí)現(xiàn)病有所醫(yī)的理想，是人類社會(huì)的共同追求。在中國(guó)這個(gè)有著13億多人口的發(fā)展中大國(guó)，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生關(guān)系億萬(wàn)人民健康，是一個(gè)重大民生問(wèn)題。

中國(guó)高度重視保護(hù)和增進(jìn)人民健康。憲法規(guī)定，國(guó)家發(fā)展醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥和傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥，保護(hù)人民健康。多年來(lái)，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持“以農(nóng)村為重點(diǎn)，預(yù)防為主，中西醫(yī)并重，依靠科技與教育，動(dòng)員全社會(huì)參與，為人民健康服務(wù)，為社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)服務(wù)”的衛(wèi)生工作方針，努力發(fā)展具有中國(guó)特色的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)。經(jīng)過(guò)不懈努力，覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系基本形成，疾病防治能力不斷增強(qiáng)，醫(yī)療保障覆蓋人口逐步擴(kuò)大，衛(wèi)生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明顯改善。 隨著中國(guó)工業(yè)化、城市化進(jìn)程和人口老齡化趨勢(shì)的加快，居民健康面臨著傳染病和慢性病的雙重威脅，公眾對(duì)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的需求日益提高。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)衛(wèi)生資源特別是優(yōu)質(zhì)資源短缺、分布不均衡的矛盾依然存在，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革與發(fā)展的任務(wù)十分艱巨。

(來(lái)源：CATTI考試資料與資訊)