世界小史 第113期:菲利普王

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 　　This was the famous orator1 Demosthenes, whose fulminating speeches at the Assembly,這就是著名的雄辯家德摩斯梯尼，他在公民大會(huì)上發(fā)表呵斥的演說(shuō)，in which he repeatedly warned people against King Philip's schemes, are known as "Philippics".

　　他在公民大會(huì)上發(fā)表呵斥的演說(shuō)，一再痛斥菲利普王的圖謀，這些演說(shuō)被稱(chēng)為“痛斥國(guó)王菲利普的演說(shuō)”。

　　But Greece was too divided to put up any real defense2.

　　但是希臘各城邦太不團(tuán)結(jié)一致，未能全力進(jìn)行抵抗。

　　At Chaeronea, in 338 BC, the Greeks, who hardly 100 years before had held their own against the gigantic Persian host, were defeated by King Philip and tiny Macedonia.

　　公元前338年在喀羅尼亞，菲利普王率領(lǐng)小小的馬其頓戰(zhàn)勝了100多年前能夠抗擊波斯大軍的希臘人。

　　So ended the freedom of the Greeks – not that it could be said that they had made good use of it lately.

　　希臘的自由一去不復(fù)返了——希臘人最后十分糟糕地使用了這一自由。

　　But it wasn't Philip's intention to enslave or plunder3 Greece.

　　不過(guò)菲利普卻根本不想奴役或掠奪希臘。

　　He had other ideas: he planned to create a great army made up of Greeks and Macedonians with which to invade and conquer Persia.

　　他完全另有打算：他要建立一支龐大的希臘和馬其頓的聯(lián)軍并率領(lǐng)這支聯(lián)軍向波斯挺進(jìn)，占領(lǐng)波斯。

　　At the time of the Persian wars such a task would have proved impossible, but things had changed.

　　這樣的目標(biāo)在波斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，但情況變了。

　　The great kings of Persia were no longer able and ambitious like Darius or mighty4 like Xerxes.

　　這時(shí)的波斯國(guó)王們?cè)缇筒辉傧翊罅魇磕菢泳髂芨苫蛘呦裱ξ魉鼓菢訌?qiáng)大。

　　They had long given up ruling the country themselves and contented5 themselves with the money their satraps sent back from the provinces.

　　他們?cè)缫巡辉僮约罕O(jiān)管他們的整個(gè)國(guó)家，而是只要他們的地方總督從各地向他們交來(lái)盡可能多的金錢(qián)，他們就心滿意足。