新概念英語第二冊詳解第67課:Volcanoes
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why does Tazieff risk his life like this?
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
volcano n. 火山
active adj. 活動(dòng)的
Kivu n. 基伍湖
Congo n. 剛果
Kituro n. 基圖羅
erupt v. (火山)噴發(fā)
violently adv. 猛烈地，劇烈地
manage v. 設(shè)法
brilliant adj. 精彩的
liquid adj. 液態(tài)的
escape v. 逃脫
alive adj. 活著的
參考譯文
波蘭科學(xué)家哈羅恩.塔捷耶夫花了畢生的精力來研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了剛果的基伍湖，對一座后來被他命名為基圖羅的新火山進(jìn)行觀察。當(dāng)火山正在猛烈地噴發(fā)時(shí)，塔捷耶夫有辦法把帳篷搭在離它非常近的地方。盡管他設(shè)法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他卻不能在火山附近停留太長的時(shí)間。他發(fā)現(xiàn)有一股巖漿正向他流過來，眼看就要將他團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住，但塔捷耶夫還是設(shè)法及時(shí)逃離了。他等到火山平靜下來，兩天以后又返回去。這次他設(shè)法爬進(jìn)了基圖羅火山口，以便能拍攝照片和測試溫度。塔捷耶夫經(jīng)常冒這樣的生命危險(xiǎn)。他能告訴我們的有關(guān)活火山的情況比任何在世的人都要多。
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.to set up his camp very close to the volcano,把帳篷搭在離它非常近的地方。
表示“與……靠近’可用 close to：
He parked the car close to the river.
他把車停在河邊。
Don't sit so close to the fire.
別坐得離火那么近。
2.Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs…盡管他設(shè)法拍了一些精彩的照片……
manage to do sth. 表示“設(shè)法做到某事”、“努力完成某事”，即雖然很費(fèi)勁，但仍然做到/完成某事。另一短語 try to do sth. 可表示“設(shè)法做某事”、“努力做某事”，但并不表示完成/做到的含義：
He tried to open the door but couldn't.
他試圖打開那門，但打不開。
He managed to open the door.
他設(shè)法把門打開了。
I finally managed to buy a house.
我終于設(shè)法買了一座房子。
3.a river of liquid rock,一股巖漿。
river在這里為比喻用法，表示“(……的)巨流”。由于 a river of 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有 as, like等明確表示“像”的詞，因此，它是一種暗喻。
When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.
她聽到這個(gè)消息后，淚如泉涌。
Rivers of blood flowed during World war Ⅱ.
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間血流成河。
4.It threatened to surround him completely…(巖漿)眼看就要將他團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住……
threaten表示“威脅著要”、“恐嚇”：
The forest fire threatened to destroy the town.
森林大火眼看就要將這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子焚毀。
He threatened to leave the team.
他揚(yáng)言要離開這個(gè)隊(duì)。
關(guān)于 threaten… with，參見第62課課文詳注。
5.to escape just in time, 及時(shí)逃離。
in time表示“及時(shí)”、“來得及”，just表示“正好”、“差一點(diǎn)”：
I caught the train just in time.
我剛好來得及趕上火車。
Shall we still be in time for / to see the performance?
我們還來得及看演出嗎?
6.risked one's life, 冒著生命危險(xiǎn)。
關(guān)于risk作為名詞和動(dòng)詞的用法，參見第44課詞匯學(xué)習(xí)。
7.any man alive, 任何在世的人。
alive 為形容詞，可表示“在世的”、“活著的”，通常作表語。它作賓語時(shí)必須放在被修飾的詞之后：
Is your grandfather still alive?
你祖父還活著嗎?
Every man alive has his / her own troubles.
每個(gè)活著的人都有自己的煩惱。
語法 Grammar in use
表示“能力”的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞及其他有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞： can/ could, be able to與 manage to
(1)在第43課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示“能力”的 can/could。用將來時(shí)的句子中表示“能力”時(shí)通常用 will be able to, 在表示成功地完成過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)用was able to而不用could：
I can't remember where I've seen him.
我想不起來我在什么地方見過他。
I can sing some songs, but I can't play the piano.
我會唱一些歌，但我不會彈鋼琴。
He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.
他以為他能輕易地通過考試，結(jié)果他沒通過。
After Byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.
在伯德命令他的助手們?nèi)拥魞蓚€(gè)沉重的食物袋之后，飛機(jī)才可以上升了。
Jane can't swim yet. She'll be able to swim in a few months time.
簡不會游泳。再過幾個(gè)月她就會游泳了。
(2)表示“能力”的另一種方式是用 manage to。在表示成功地完成過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)，它經(jīng)常代替 be able to。與 be able to相比，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)“雖然困難很大，但仍能……”這種含義。
如果把最后這句話改成：He was able to watch it after all(他最終看了那場比賽)，那么他就不一定是克服困難才看到比賽，而可能是因?yàn)榍闆r有變化等。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
say與tell
這兩個(gè)詞都有“說”的含義，但在用法上有區(qū)別。
1.say
(1)在表示“說”、“講”時(shí)，say后面不跟間接賓語(人)。如果一定要指明，則用to+名詞/代詞：
‘You haven't got much time,’he said (to me).
他(對我)說：“你的時(shí)間不多了。”
(2)表示“道別”、“誦讀(祈禱)”、“背誦”等含義時(shí)用say而不能用tell：
We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.
我們將參觀他的船，然后和他告別。
Mary's children say their prayers every night.
瑪麗的孩子們每天晚上做禱告。
(3)say有“表達(dá)(思想、意見等)”含義，tell則沒有：
Do you have anything to say about the accident?
關(guān)于這次事故你有什么想說的/想法嗎?
(4)say通常用于表達(dá)“據(jù)說”的意思，tell則不能：
John is said to be very interested in art.
據(jù)說約翰對美術(shù)很感興趣。
(5)say可以用于固定短語 say a good word for(為……說好話/辯護(hù);推薦)：
Don't expect that he'll say a good word for you.
別指望他會為你說好話。
2.tell
(1)在表示“說”、“講”時(shí)，tell后面可以跟雙賓語：
He told me/ said that he would be retiring.
他告訴我/說他快要退休了。
(2)tell經(jīng)常用于表示“講(實(shí)話、謊話、秘密等)”：
He's telling a lie/the truth.
他在撒謊/說實(shí)話。
I won't tell you the secret if you can't keep it.
如果你不能保守秘密，我就不把這秘密告訴你。
(3)tell可以表示“辨別”、“分辨”，say則不可以：
The snake obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz.
那條蛇顯然分辨不出印度音樂和爵士樂。
(4)在英國英語中，tell the time為固定短語，表示根據(jù)鐘表等“說出時(shí)間”、“識鐘”(美國英語中為 tell time)：
Jimmy is only five years old, but he can already tell the time.
吉米只有5歲，但他已經(jīng)識鐘了。
另外，say和tell后面跟so時(shí)含義不一樣：
I told you so!
我告訴過你是這樣的!(用于情況被證實(shí)之后)
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
C 1 He did not manage to get into town this morning.
2 They did not manage to find the boy who had run away.
3 He did not manage to find a new job.
4 I did not manage to translate the passage into English.
5 They did not manage to swim to the other side of the river.
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 tell 2 said/would say 3 say…tell 4 tell 5 told 6 say
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1d 2a 3d 4d 5d 6d
7 b 8 b 9 a 10 d 11d 12 d
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★volcano n. 火山
★active adj. 活動(dòng)的
active 積極的
passive: 消極的，被動(dòng)的
★Kivu n. 基伍湖
★Congo n. 剛果
★Kituro n. 基圖羅
★erupt v. (火山)噴發(fā)
★violently adv. 猛烈地，劇烈地
★manage v. 設(shè)法
manage to do 設(shè)法去做并成功
I can manage it.
★brilliant adj. 精彩的
★liquid adj. 液態(tài)的
★escape v. 逃脫
escape death :死里逃生
narrow escape:九死一生
escape doing sth
★alive adj. 活著的
alive 做定語時(shí)一定要放在被修飾詞后面
living sth.
live(adj.):現(xiàn)場的;表"活著的"永遠(yuǎn)不和人連用
【課文講解】
spend some time doing sth.
用不定式做目的狀語
close to:離……很近
for long = for a long time
notice sth.
notice sb.do/doing
notice that
river of ...: ——形成的河流
threaten to:有跡象表明
take a risk of/at a risk of:冒險(xiǎn)
risk sth=risk losing sth.:冒著失去——的危險(xiǎn)
risk doing :冒著做——的危險(xiǎn)
在兩相比較中，如果前者屬于后者，那一定要在比較時(shí)用other,else排除前者
【Key structures】
【Special difficulties】
say sth.
tell sb.sth
tell the time
What time is it?/What's the time?/Can you tell me what time is it?
tell the difference between
tell(sb.) a lie
tell (sb.)the truth
1.tell
2.said
3.say;tell
4.tell
5.tell
6.say
say a good word for sb:為某人說好話，求情
【Multiple choice questions】
4.only just=almost not
7.on the subject of = about (b)
towards = in the direction of
12.any man alive = any living man
