新概念英語第二冊詳解第68課:Persistent
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why did Elizabeth tell Nigel that she was going to the dentist?
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy meeting you here!'
'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning -- until I saw you. You're not busy doing anything, are you?'
'No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to...'
'Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking.
'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.'
'Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
persistent adj. 堅(jiān)持的，固執(zhí)的
avoid v. 避開
insist v. 堅(jiān)持做
參考譯文
我穿過馬路以便避開他，但他看到我并朝我跑過來。若再裝作沒看見他已是沒有用了，我只好向他招手。我就怕遇到奈杰爾.戴克斯。他從來都是無事可做，不管你多忙，他總是堅(jiān)持要跟你去。我得想辦法不讓他整個上午纏著我。
“你好，奈杰爾，想不到在這兒見到你。”我說。
“你好，伊麗莎白，”奈杰爾回答說，“我正不知道怎么消磨這一上午呢，正好見到你。你不忙，是嗎?”
“不，不忙，我打算去......”我回答。
“我跟你一道去行嗎?”沒等我說完話他就問道。
“沒關(guān)系，但我準(zhǔn)備去牙醫(yī)那里。”我說了個謊。
“那我也跟你去，候診室里總有很多東西可供閱讀!”他回答。
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿過馬路以便避開他，但他看到我并朝我跑過來。
(1)avoid 以及本課中出現(xiàn)的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等動詞后面只跟名詞性的賓語，即只跟名詞或動名詞：
They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.
他們設(shè)法躲過了一起汽車撞車事故/避免了將車撞在墻上。
(2)running 引導(dǎo)的是分詞短語，作狀語，修飾 came，表示伴隨狀況：
She ran after the thief shouting out for help.
她一邊追趕小偷，一邊大聲喊叫求助。
2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再裝做沒看見他已是沒有用了……
這句話中，it是先行主語，真正的主語是 pretending 引導(dǎo)的動名詞短語。It is (of) no use doing…是個固定結(jié)構(gòu)(其中的 of可省略)，表示“做……也是徒勞的/無益的”：
It is (of) no use worrying about your family.
為你的家人擔(dān)心是無益的。
3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……
no matter可與疑問詞 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引導(dǎo)讓步從句，表示“無論”：
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.
無論你到哪里，都無法忘記自己的家。
No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.
無論我說什么，都似乎說得不當(dāng)。
4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想辦法不讓他整個上午纏著我。
think of在這里的含義是“想出”， way在這里表示“辦法”， a way of后面的部分用于修飾 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”時(shí)其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略：
I can't prevent you from going if you want to.
你如果想去，我無法阻止。
5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙，是吧?
這是一個附加疑問句，又稱反意疑問句，是由陳述句后面加簡略疑問句構(gòu)成。陳述句如果是肯定的，則附加疑問句通常用否定形式;陳述句如果是否定的，則附加的疑問句用肯定形式。陳述句中有助動詞時(shí)，附加疑問句重復(fù)其中的助動詞;如果沒有，則用do的各種形式構(gòu)成：
John was angry, wasn't he?
約翰生氣了，不是嗎?(肯定式+否定式)
He hasn't left, has he?
他沒走，是嗎?(否定式+肯定式)
I can see him, can't I?
我可以見他，不是嗎?(情態(tài)助動詞作助動詞)
You like it, don't you?
你喜歡它，不是嗎?(沒有助動詞時(shí)加do)
6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行嗎?
(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一個用來表示客氣的請求或征求意見的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中可以用if引導(dǎo)的從句或動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。表示“同意/不介意”時(shí)，用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”來回答;不同意時(shí)往往用一些委婉的說法，如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答，不用“yes, I do”：
(2)如果動名詞的動作執(zhí)行者與句子的主語不一致時(shí)，它前面可以加所有格形容詞或賓格代詞，作為動名詞的邏輯主語(cf. 本課語法)：
I hope you won't mind my staying here.
我希望你不介意我呆在這兒。
語法 Grammar in use
動名詞的一些用法
(1)在第20課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了動名詞的基本形式和作用，在第44課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了動名詞用于某些短語動詞
(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的動詞(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別以及 need 和want之后動名詞的用法等：
I like watching TV.
我喜歡看電視。(一般行為)
I'd like to watch TV.
我(現(xiàn)在)想看電視。(特定)
The strap needs mending.
這提包帶需要修理。(動名詞在這里有被動的含義)
(2)有些動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語，但不能用不定式。這些動詞包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎，在意)，suggest, stand(容忍)等：
I tried to avoid meeting him.
我試圖避開他。
I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
我就怕遇到奈杰爾·戴克斯。
I haven't finished speaking yet.
我還沒有說完。
(3)有些結(jié)構(gòu)通常要接動名詞，如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等：
I'm busy making meat pies.
我正忙著做肉餡餅。
A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.
一架狀況尚好的蘭開斯特轟炸機(jī)值得搶救。
He insisted on paying.
他堅(jiān)持要付錢。
I'm interested in acting.
我對表演感興趣。
(4)動名詞可以有自己的邏輯主語(即動作執(zhí)行者，而不是句子的主語)：
He insisted on my paying the bill.
他堅(jiān)持要我付賬。
I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.
我不認(rèn)為孩子們喜歡你/他/約翰唱的歌。
Please excuse his not writing to you.
請?jiān)徦麤]有給你寫信。
Do you mind my smoking?
我可以抽煙嗎?
Do you mind opening/my opening the door?
你/我可以開門嗎?
(5)come和go之后可以跟與戶外活動相關(guān)的動名詞(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等)，表示建議、邀請或敘事：
Why don't we go swimming?
為什么我們不去游泳呢?
Come dancing this evening.
今晚來跳舞吧。
Yesterday we went fishing.
昨天我們?nèi)メ烎~了。
(6)感知動詞(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟賓語加分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以跟賓語加不帶to的不定式?，F(xiàn)在分詞往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生，用于敘述中時(shí)使人身臨其境;不定式則可以表示動作發(fā)生了或過程結(jié)束了。有時(shí)它們之間的區(qū)別不大，可以互相替換使用。試比較：
I watched him climb/climbing the tree.
我看到他爬樹了。(區(qū)別不大)
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.fancy vt.
(1)設(shè)想，想像：
Fancy meeting you here!
想不到在這兒見到你!
Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!
真想不到伊恩竟會不知道如何回答這樣一個簡單的問題!
(2)想要，喜歡(往往用于指個人愛好)：
I don't fancy going for a walk in the rain.
我不愛在雨中散步。
It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.
天氣真好，我想開車去海邊。
2.insist vt.,vi.
(1)堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為：
He insisted that he was right.
他堅(jiān)持他是對的。
He insists on the importance of the meeting.
他強(qiáng)調(diào)這個會議的重要性。
(2)堅(jiān)決主張/要求，一定要：
I insist on speaking to the manager.
我堅(jiān)決要求/一定要與經(jīng)理談話。
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.
我妻子執(zhí)意要我理發(fā)。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
C (sample sentences)
1 It's no use trying to reason with him.
2 Let's go swimming.
3 Forgive my interrupting you.
4 Do you deny having taken/taking the money?
5 He came rushing towards me.
6 I'm busy writing letters.
7 I always enjoy going to the cinema.
8 Would you mind closing the door, please?
2.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6b
7b 8c 9c 10 c 11a 12a
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★persistent adj. 堅(jiān)持的，固執(zhí)的
You are stubborn.
persist:堅(jiān)持(不顧阻攔一味的堅(jiān)持)persist in doing sth.
insist:堅(jiān)持(認(rèn)為、說、是人的一種態(tài)度) insist on doing sth.
perseverance:堅(jiān)持不懈(褒義) persevere in
★avoid v. 避開
avoid doing sth.
★insist v. 堅(jiān)持做
【課文講解】
avoid meeting
cross:(v.)穿過
across:(adv./prep)穿過
came running 向我跑過來
go shopping,go swimming,go skating
it is no use doing...做某件事情是沒有用處的
It is no use crying over the spilled millk.
enjoy doing
like,love,enjoy,appreciate
用不定式做定語，修飾anything
insists on coming
No matter :無論+從句(要以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo))
No matter how busy you are.
I had to think of a way of preventing
think of a way of doing :想一個作某事的方法
prevent do from doing sth :讓某人不做某事
stop sb.from doing sth ;讓某人不做某事
keep sb.from doing sth.
forbid sb.to do sth.
Fancy meeting you here? 真想不到會在這里見到你!
fancy = imagine
fancy + 名詞——表示驚訝
不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做賓語從句
be busy doing:忙著做某事
反意疑問句的回答，根據(jù)事實(shí)回答
finish doing
complete doing
Would you mind my coming with you?
mind + v.-ing
for sb.--邏輯主語
my --形容詞性物主代詞
如果是名詞，就變成名詞所有格
Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me?
Would you mind me opening the door?
mind+v.-ing
-ing 的邏輯主語，是四種形式，分兩大類：
1.作為代詞，可以用人稱代詞的賓格，又可以用形容詞性物主代詞。
2.作為名詞，可以保持本身不變，也可以變成名詞所有格
my---me 可以互換
Would you mind my/me smoking?
Would you mind me making myself at Home?
【語法精粹】
4.動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：由名詞所有格或物主代詞與動名詞構(gòu)成
His leaving is a great loss.
他的離去是一個很大的損失
Mother dislikes my (me)working late.
媽媽不喜歡我工作很遲
John's having seen her did not make her worried.
約翰已經(jīng)見到她的事實(shí)，沒有讓她感到擔(dān)心
注：動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)多作主語或賓語，作主語是必須是所有格，(名詞所有格、形容詞性物主代詞)。但作賓語時(shí)可以用所有格，也可用普通格
-ing前面出現(xiàn)邏輯，這個邏輯主語可以出現(xiàn)四種情況：
作代詞：形容詞性物主代詞，人稱代詞賓格
作名詞：名詞所有格，普通格
那些詞后面可以接動詞-ing
介詞，某些動詞(avoid,enjoy,finish,it is no use,prevent sb.from,fancy,imagine,escape,risk,allow);
語法精粹：
3)賓語：下列動詞須跟動名詞作賓語：
admit,deny,appreciate,enjoy,avoid,complete,delay,fancy,finish,mind,practice,risk,suggest,allow,permit...
practice(n.)practise(v.)
advice(n.)advise(vt.) advise sb.to do/advise doing
insist on doing,persist in doing,persevere in doing
give up doing
特注：
以allow為列：allow+doing sth.(動名詞作賓語)，但可以：allow sb.to do sth.(不定式作賓語)
這類動詞常見如：advise,allow,permit,recommend,etc.
Structure:
6...b...
insist on
insist + 從句(should +原形)
10...c
salute :問候(軍人向長官的)行軍禮，敬禮
greet:問候
12...a...
lie to:向某人撒謊
false:假的
lie:謊言 What she said was a lie.
9...c...
as if :似乎，好像
make :制造，做
do as if (不這么用)
act as if
conduct as if (conduct+oneself:表現(xiàn))
Summary writing:
Even though
When because
Composition
1...
As(因?yàn)?...whom(引導(dǎo)定語從句)...in order to (目的狀語)
As there was a dentist nearby whow she knew well Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened.
2....
While(時(shí)間)...and(并列的兩個句子)
3...
After...and asked Nigel if...(間接引語)
After Elizabeth left,the dentist went into the waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth ezamined.
