研究顯示,同種疾病女性確診晚于男性數(shù)年

For a wide range of diseases, diagnosis comes laterin life for women than for men, according to a largeDanish study.

根據(jù)丹麥的一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模研究，對(duì)于很大部分疾病，女性的確診時(shí)間要比男性晚好幾年。

Researchers don't know whether the later diagnosesare due to genetics, the environment, possiblebiases in the healthcare system - or somecombination of reasons.

研究者不知道這個(gè)現(xiàn)象(女性更晚診斷)是因?yàn)檫z傳、環(huán)境、衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的偏見(jiàn)，或是幾者皆有。

The study of health data from 6.9 million Danish people found that across hundreds of diseases, women on average were diagnosed when they were about four years older than the age atwhich the conditions were recognized in men.

這項(xiàng)來(lái)自六百九十萬(wàn)丹麥人的健康數(shù)據(jù)的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)有數(shù)百種疾病，女人被診斷出來(lái)的時(shí)間平均比男人晚四年。

 

"We're not just looking at one disease here, we're looking at all diseases and we are looking atan entire population, from cradle to grave," lead author Soren Brunak from the University ofCopenhagen told Reuters Health by phone.

哥本哈根大學(xué)的索恩·布魯納克通過(guò)電話(huà)告訴路透社健康欄目：“我們并不只關(guān)注一種疾病，我們關(guān)注所有疾病，觀(guān)察所有的人，從他們出生到死亡。”

On average, women received cancer diagnoses 2.5 years after men. They received diagnosesfor metabolic diseases like diabetes 4.5 years later.

女性平均比男性平均晚2.5年被診斷出癌癥。例如糖尿病等代謝性疾病，她們通常會(huì)在4.5年后才被診斷出來(lái)。

"(This) actually surprised us quite a lot," Brunak said. "Men generally have a tendency to getto the doctor later... So presumably the difference in onset is even larger."

“這實(shí)際上讓我們異常驚訝”，他說(shuō)，“通常來(lái)說(shuō)，男性?xún)A向于晚些就醫(yī)，所以由此推測(cè)初始的差異甚至?xí)蟆?rdquo;

Brunak and his team considered incidence rates of diseases in the 18 broad categories of theICD-10 diagnosis system managed by the World Health Organization.

布魯納克和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)考慮了世界衛(wèi)生組織管理的ICD-10診斷系統(tǒng)18大類(lèi)疾病的發(fā)病率。

The study wasn't designed to explain the causes of the differences. Another limitation is thatresearchers only looked at diagnoses made in hospitalized patients.

這項(xiàng)研究并非是要解釋造成這些差異的緣由，它的另一個(gè)局限性是僅僅關(guān)注了住院確診的病人。

Dr. Noel Bairey Merz, director of the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center at the Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, who was not involved in the study, pointed out to Reuters Healththat the study therefore lacks information on age at diagnosis for people who didn't requirehospitalization.

沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)研究的西達(dá)斯-西奈斯米特心臟研究所芭芭拉·史翠珊婦女心臟中心主任諾埃爾·拜瑞·默茨博士向路透社健康版指出，這項(xiàng)研究因此缺乏不需要住院治療的患者的年齡診斷信息。

"On the other hand," she said, "being hospitalized is a sign of a serious illness, so (that) addssignificance to the diagnosis and supports that disease onset may be later in women."

“另一方面，”她說(shuō)，“住院表明病情比較嚴(yán)重，所以(這項(xiàng)研究)對(duì)疾病診斷有額外意義，同時(shí)也贊同女性可能會(huì)發(fā)病較晚。”

Brunak's study, published in Nature Communications, showed that the bone-thinning diseaseosteoporosis was a notable exception to the trend. Here, women were typically diagnosedbefore they suffered a fracture, while the opposite was true for men.

布魯納克的研究發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上，該研究表明，骨質(zhì)疏松癥是這種趨勢(shì)的一個(gè)顯著例外。在這里，女性通常在骨折前就被診斷出來(lái)，而男性則恰恰相反。

"I am fascinated by this study, which generally confirms all that I present in my Stanford courseon Sex and Gender in Human Physiology and Disease," said Marcia Stefanick, Director ofStanford University's Women's Health and Sex Differences in Medicine Center.

斯坦福大學(xué)女性健康與性別差異醫(yī)學(xué)中心主任馬西婭·斯蒂凡尼克說(shuō):“我對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究很感興趣，它基本上證實(shí)了我在斯坦福大學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)的有關(guān)人類(lèi)生理學(xué)和疾病中的性別與性別的課程中提出的所有觀(guān)點(diǎn)。”