Rushmoore National Monument
The well-known Rushmoore National Monument in the United States is erected1) on the Rush moore Peak,1829meters above sea level,of the Black Hills in the south-west of South Dakota.It is a group of huge stone statues of four American presidents,George Washington,Thomas Jefferson,Abraham Licoln and Theodore Roosevelt.President Washington is the founding father of the country;the 3rd President Jefferson drafted the U.S.Declaration of Independence;the 16th President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation2) and the26th President Roosevelt protected the average people’s right to compete fairly with trusts.All the four presidents made outstanding achievements for their country.They were pioneers of U.S.history.
The stone statues of presidents were built at the suggestion of an historian in the State of Dakota,with a view to carrying forward the U.S.pioneering spirit everlastingly.The famed artist Gutzon Borglum,a naturalized Danish-American,made the design and was in charge of the project of historic significance.It was the 30th President Calvin Coolidge who announced in 1927the start of the stone work.But before the work done,the sculptor passed away w hen he was 73years of age.He was then succeeded by his son,and it was not until1941that the National Monument was put up.
As the stone statues were rather enormous,technology of directional blasting was resorted to in the main.Explosives were used to blow up the peak into models first,and then the stonemasons carved them into statues with tools.The broken stones weighed about four hundred fifty thousand tons in total.This project was the fruit of arduous3) work done by a contingent of 360odd masons4) in as long as 14years.A sum of one million dollar was expended.
The statues are 18meters high.They are the highest and greatest realistic stone statues in the world,taller than a 6-storied building and larger than the Great Sphinx of Egypt.The size of each head is 20sq mt,with a 20meter long face,a 7meter long nose,a 2.6meter wide mouth and two 1.5meter wide eyes.Though not facing the same direction,they are all lifelike and look ahead gravely in harmony with fixed gazes.On clear days,one can have a sight of the four presidents with their firm and steady expression at a distance of dozens of kilometers.
Since the stone sculpture is unique in style,the Monument is now the U.S.National Art Centre of Popular Education.Groups of people keep streaming everyday to the site for a visit and tourists across the world are also interested in taking a view of this colossal5) Monument.
拉什莫爾國家紀念碑
美國著名的拉什莫爾國家紀念碑位于南達科他州西南一座海拔1829米的布萊克山拉什莫爾峰頂。這寶座紀念碑由雕刻在巖石上的喬治·華盛頓、托馬斯·杰斐遜、亞伯拉罕·林肯以及西奧多·羅斯福四位美國國總統(tǒng)的巨型頭像組成。華盛頓總統(tǒng)是美國開國元勛;第3任總統(tǒng)杰斐遜是《獨立宣言》的起草人;第16任總統(tǒng)林肯頒布了黑奴解放令;第26任總統(tǒng)羅斯福保護了黎民百姓向托拉斯進行公平競爭的權(quán)益。這幾位總統(tǒng)都對美國作出過非凡的業(yè)績,是美國歷史的開拓者。
倡議雕刻總統(tǒng)石像的是達科他州一位歷史學家,其目的是弘揚美國的開拓精神,使其永存。一位頗有名望的藝術家、丹麥移民的兒子格桑·博格倫進行了設計,并負責這一具有歷史意義的紀念碑的施工。第30任總統(tǒng)卡爾文·柯立芝于1927年宣布這項工程正式開工。但工程尚未結(jié)束,當時已73歲高齡的雕刻家不幸病故,由其子接任了這一大業(yè),到1941年才勝利完成。
開鑿偌大的石像主要是采用定向爆破技術,先用炸藥炸出人像雛形,再用人工雕鑿。炸毀的碎石塊共達45萬噸之多。這些石像是360余名石工14年辛勤勞動的結(jié)晶。工程共耗資100萬美元。
雕像高18米,是世界上最高最大的寫實巖石像,高于6層樓房,大于埃及的獅身人面大雕像。每尊頭像的面積為20平米,臉部長20米、鼻子長7米、嘴寬2.6米、眼寬1.5米??偨y(tǒng)頭像個個栩栩如生,雖不是面朝同一個方向,但都以凝練而莊重的神態(tài)和諧地直視著前方。在晴朗的日子里,幾十公里以外就能遙望到這四位堅毅沉著的總統(tǒng)的雕像。
由于石像具有獨特的雕刻風格,這里已成為美國國立普及教育藝術中心。前往學習觀摩的人每天絡繹不絕,世界各國的旅游者也都紛紛來到這座氣勢磅礴的紀念碑前觀賞游覽。
NOTE 注釋:
erect [i5rekt] vt. 使豎立, 使直立, 樹立, 建立
Emancipation Proclamation [i7mAnsi5peiFEn prRklE5meIF(E)n] 獨立宣言
arduous [5B:djuEs] adj. 費勁的, 辛勤的, 險峻的
mason [5meisn] n. 石工,泥瓦匠
colossal [kE5lCsl] adj. 巨大的, 龐大的