野火使得農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人無(wú)法呼吸

野火使得農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人無(wú)法呼吸

Before massive wildfires broke out in California, farmworkers already had to take extra precautions for COVID-19. Now they must worry about dangerous air from wildfires. In this photo, farmworkers arrive early in the morning to begin harvesting on April 28 in Greenfield, Calif.

在加州發(fā)生大規(guī)模野火之前，農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人已經(jīng)對(duì)COVID-19采取了額外的預(yù)防措施。現(xiàn)在他們必須擔(dān)心來(lái)自野火的危險(xiǎn)空氣。在這張照片中，4月28日，加利福尼亞州格林菲爾德，農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人一大早就來(lái)到這里開(kāi)始收割。

Farmworkers in California are facing two crises at once: the coronavirus and exposure to dangerous air from wildfires.

加州的農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人同時(shí)面臨著兩個(gè)危機(jī):冠狀病毒和野火帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)空氣。

Massive fires border large swaths of California's agriculture region, the Central Valley. Monitoring stations report unhealthy air across the interior of the state.

大面積的大火包圍著加州的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)，中央山谷。監(jiān)測(cè)站報(bào)告說(shuō)整個(gè)州的內(nèi)部空氣不健康。

"To be out in the fields, it's like you can't breathe," says Hernan Hernandez, executive director of the California Farmworker Foundation.

加州農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人基金會(huì)執(zhí)行董事赫爾南•赫爾南德斯說(shuō):“在地里干活，就好像你無(wú)法呼吸。”

California requires employers to provide outdoor workers with respiratory protection such as N95 masks if the air quality reaches a certain threshold. In a statewide survey last month, a labor union found farmworkers mostly weren't getting them. But wearing a mask when it's 110 degrees isn't easy either.

加州要求，如果空氣質(zhì)量達(dá)到一定臨界值，雇主必須為戶外工作人員提供N95口罩等呼吸防護(hù)。在上個(gè)月進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)全州范圍的調(diào)查中，一個(gè)工會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人都得不到這些防護(hù)物品。但在華氏110度(約43.3攝氏度)的情況下戴口罩也不容易。

About half, or more, of farmworkers in the U.S. are in the country illegally. They don't have access to many government benefits, can't afford to miss work and may be hesitant to complain.

在美國(guó)，大約一半或更多的農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人是非法移民。他們享受不到很多政府福利，不能失去工作，可能也不愿控訴。

Here are excerpts of Sacha Pfeiffer's interview with Hernandez on All Things Considered about the threats facing farmworkers.

以下是薩沙·法伊弗對(duì)赫爾南德斯的采訪節(jié)選，內(nèi)容包括農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人面臨的各種威脅。

I understand that you're hearing that employers are not always supplying masks.

我知道你聽(tīng)說(shuō)雇主并不總是提供口罩。

Yes. There's not enough PPE to sustain the current agriculture workforce in California. So what we're seeing on the ground is that everybody's just trying to get a hold of whatever they can. At a state level, in which PPE distributions have occurred in the past couple of weeks, we're nowhere near meeting the demands to ensure the safety of farmworkers and their families.

是的。沒(méi)有足夠的個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)PPE)來(lái)維持加州現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力。所以我們?cè)诂F(xiàn)場(chǎng)看到的是，每個(gè)人都在試圖獲得他們所能得到的任何東西。在州一級(jí)，在過(guò)去的幾周內(nèi)，PPE已經(jīng)開(kāi)始發(fā)放，我們離確保農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人及其家庭安全的要求還差得很遠(yuǎn)。

What are you hearing from farmworkers about the kinds of dilemmas and choices they're facing, especially in terms of what if they miss work and how do they try to protect their health?

關(guān)于農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人面臨的困境和選擇，你從他們那里聽(tīng)到了什么，特別是如果他們失去工作他們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo(hù)自己的健康?

When you look at farmworkers and you ask them, "How can the state help you during these difficult times?" the No. 1 thing they will tell you is rent relief. The Central Valley, the coastal areas, everywhere in California, there's a housing crisis. And you're seeing it through farmworkers living in households that have two to three families because they can't afford the rent.

當(dāng)你看著農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人，問(wèn)他們:“在這些困難時(shí)期，國(guó)家怎么能幫助你?”他們會(huì)告訴你的第一件事就是減免租金。中央山谷，沿海地區(qū)，加州的每一個(gè)地方，都有住房危機(jī)。你可以從那些家庭中有兩到三個(gè)家庭的農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人身上看到這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗麄兏恫黄鸱孔狻?/p>

California did supply some pandemic aid to undocumented immigrants — about $125 million in May. Has that money gotten to farmworkers and helped them during this time?

加州確實(shí)為非法移民提供了一些流行病援助——大約在5月份提供了1.25億美元。這些錢(qián)是不是給了農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人并在這段時(shí)間里幫助了他們?

Yes, it was a very minute force that actually received the California aid, because just in the Central Valley alone we have over 500,000 farmworkers. The aid for the Central Valley was capped at 10,000 undocumented workers, so this didn't encompass just farmworkers, it encompassed any type of undocumented worker that works in retail, that works in restaurants, that works in construction, so a very minute force actually had an opportunity to receive those $500.

是的，這是一個(gè)非常微小的隊(duì)伍，實(shí)際上得到了加州的援助，因?yàn)閮H僅在中央山谷我們就有超過(guò)50萬(wàn)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人。對(duì)中央山谷的援助上限是1萬(wàn)名無(wú)證工人，所以這不只是包括農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人，它包括在零售業(yè)工作，在餐館工作，在建筑業(yè)工作的任何類(lèi)型的無(wú)證工人，所以非常微小的隊(duì)伍實(shí)際上有機(jī)會(huì)得到那500美元。