中國(guó)崛起為何令美國(guó)擔(dān)憂？

As American and Chinese officials meet this week in Washington to defuse trade tensions, both sides are trying to find common ground. It won’t be easy.

為緩解貿(mào)易緊張局勢(shì)，中美官員上周在華盛頓會(huì)晤，雙方試圖找到共同基礎(chǔ)，但這并不容易。

The Trump administration has pressed hard for China to make major changes to its trade practices and limit the state’s role in the economy — an agenda that comes in conflict with Beijing’s desire to protect its industries and build new ones.

特朗普政府強(qiáng)硬要求中國(guó)貿(mào)易行為做出重大改變，并限制國(guó)家在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用——這與中國(guó)保護(hù)自己的產(chǎn)業(yè)以及建設(shè)新產(chǎn)業(yè)的愿望相沖突。

It all traces back to the style and speed of China’s growth. Over the past 40 years, Western countries have struggled to find the right recipe of incentives and agreements to get China to play fair.

這一切都可以追溯到中國(guó)發(fā)展的風(fēng)格和速度。過(guò)去40年中，西方國(guó)家一直在努力尋找適當(dāng)?shù)募?lì)措施和協(xié)議來(lái)讓中國(guó)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

Trading partners often complain that China flouts the rules to get ahead. And none have voiced those concerns more virulently than President Trump, who has said it was a mistake to let China into the World Trade Organization in the first place.

貿(mào)易伙伴經(jīng)常抱怨中國(guó)藐視規(guī)則以獲得成功。其中，特朗普以最強(qiáng)烈的方式表達(dá)了憂慮，他聲稱，當(dāng)初讓中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織(World Trade Organization)就是錯(cuò)的。

The president stoked fears of a trade war earlier this year, when he announced tariffs first on washing machines and solar panels, and then steel and aluminum. And the Trump administration hit China again in April, blocking exports of microchips and software to the Chinese telecommunications company ZTE, before seeming to rethink the aggressive move in a tweet saying that he and the Chinese leader are “working together.”

今年早些時(shí)候，總統(tǒng)先是宣布了對(duì)洗衣機(jī)和太陽(yáng)能電池板征收關(guān)稅，然后是鋼鋁關(guān)稅，從而引發(fā)了人們對(duì)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的恐懼。特朗普政府于4月份再次對(duì)中國(guó)發(fā)起攻擊，阻止美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)電信企業(yè)中興通訊出口微芯片和軟件，之后他似乎重新考慮了這一強(qiáng)硬舉動(dòng)，在一條推文中聲稱他和中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正在“共同努力”。

So how did a poor, developing country that still has a gross domestic product per capita of less than $10,000 come to rival, and even challenge, the existing economic order?

那么，一個(gè)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值依然不到一萬(wàn)美元的貧窮發(fā)展中國(guó)家，是如何與現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序相抗衡，甚至挑戰(zhàn)該秩序的呢?