索羅斯：用SDR資助窮國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化

George Soros, the billionaire financier, unveiled a plan yesterday to lend poor countries $100bn to deal with the threat of climate change.

億萬(wàn)富翁金融家喬治•索羅斯(George Soros)昨日提出一項(xiàng)建議：向窮國(guó)提供1000億美元貸款，以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的威脅。

The money would come from the International Monetary Fund, from financial instruments known as special drawing rights. These SDRs, used to create liquidity, are a type of basket “currency” used as an accounting unit by the IMF, and generally held by countries as part of their reserves.

這筆資金將來(lái)自國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(IMF)的金融工具——特別提款權(quán)(SDR)。這些SDR用于創(chuàng)造流動(dòng)性，是一種籃子貨幣，被IMF用作核算單位，各國(guó)也普遍將其作為外匯儲(chǔ)備的一部分。

Speaking at the UN climate conference in Copenhagen, Mr Soros argued the reserves were unnecessary and should be lent to developing countries, through a “green fund”.

索羅斯在聯(lián)合國(guó)哥本哈根氣候變化大會(huì)上發(fā)言時(shí)稱，這部分儲(chǔ)備是不必要的，應(yīng)通過(guò)一個(gè)“綠色基金”，借給發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

“It is possible to substantially increase the amount available to fight global warming in the developing world by using the existing allocations of SDRs,” he said. “All that is lacking is the political will . . . Yet it could make the difference between success and failure at Copenhagen.”

“利用現(xiàn)有的SDR配額，有可能大幅增加發(fā)展中國(guó)家可用于抵御全球變暖的資金總額，”他表示。“目前唯一缺乏的是政治意愿……但這可能關(guān)系到哥本哈根會(huì)議的成敗。”

No decision on Mr Soros's idea is likely at Copenhagen, but it could receive more attention in the coming months as rich countries struggle to agree how to finance pledges they make at the conference.

哥本哈根會(huì)議不太可能就索羅斯的提議做出任何決定，但隨著富國(guó)難以商定如何出資、兌現(xiàn)自己在大會(huì)上做出的承諾，未來(lái)幾個(gè)月這項(xiàng)提議可能會(huì)獲得更多關(guān)注。

In the meantime, rich and poor countries have traded blows over financing. Poor countries are demanding at least $100bn (£61.5bn, €68bn) a year by 2020, in order to deal with climate change, and $10bn a year for the next three years to tie them over before the long-term funding begins.

與此同時(shí)，富國(guó)與窮國(guó)在資金問(wèn)題上針鋒相對(duì)。窮國(guó)要求到2020年每年至少得到1000億美元，以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，而未來(lái)三年每年得到100億美元，用作長(zhǎng)期資助開始之前的過(guò)渡性資助。

Some rich countries have pledged financial help, but nothing near this scale.

一些富國(guó)已承諾提供財(cái)務(wù)援助，但規(guī)模遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于上述要求。

The SDR plan is a new twist on a long campaign by Mr Soros to use the instruments to fund development aid. As part of the plan to inject liquidity into the global economy earlier this year, the IMF's shareholder countries agreed a one-off creation of more than $250bn in SDRs. Because they were allocated in proportion to each country's “quota”, or contribution to the IMF, much of the SDR assets ended up in the foreign exchange reserves of rich countries.

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，索羅斯一直倡導(dǎo)利用SDR工具為發(fā)展援助提供資金，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是一個(gè)新的發(fā)展。今年早些時(shí)候，作為向全球經(jīng)濟(jì)注入流動(dòng)性的計(jì)劃的一部分，IMF股東國(guó)家同意一次性創(chuàng)造逾2500億美元的SDR。由于這部分SDR是按各國(guó)“配額”——即對(duì)IMF的貢獻(xiàn)——的比例進(jìn)行分配的，大部分SDR資產(chǎn)最終又變成了富國(guó)的外匯儲(chǔ)備。

Mr Soros's plan would see those governments lend them to poor countries for use as aid, with interest payments on that lending paid for by the sale of IMF gold reserves.

按照索羅斯的計(jì)劃，富國(guó)政府將把這筆資金借給窮國(guó)，以作援助之用，而貸款的利息則通過(guò)出售IMF黃金儲(chǔ)備支付。

英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》菲奧娜•哈維(Fiona Harvey)、埃德•布魯克斯(Ed Crooks)哥本哈根、艾倫•貝蒂(Alan Beattie)倫敦報(bào)道

譯者/陳云飛