英國(guó)語(yǔ)文第五冊(cè)(雙語(yǔ)):蠟燭的化學(xué)組成(1)

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LESSON 14 The chemistry of a candle(I)

第十四課 蠟燭的化學(xué)組成(一)

"And now, uncle," asked Harry, who was a favourite with the old gentleman, "can you tell me what you do when you put a candle out?"

“現(xiàn)在,叔叔,”哈利問(wèn),這個(gè)深受老紳士喜愛(ài)的男孩子,“你能告訴我當(dāng)時(shí)你在做什么嗎當(dāng)你把蠟燭撲滅時(shí)?

"Put an extinguisher on it, you young rogue, to be sure."

“把一個(gè)滅火器撲在上面,你年輕時(shí)調(diào)皮搗蛋,肯定也這樣?！?/p>

"Oh, but I mean, you cut off its supply of oxygen," said Master Harry.

“哦,但我的意思是,你切斷了它的氧氣供應(yīng),”精通的哈利說(shuō)。

"Cut off its what?"

“切斷它的什么?

"He means something he heard at the Royal Institution," observed Mrs. Wilkinson. "He reads a great deal about chemistry, and he attended Professor Faraday's lectures there on the chemical history of a candle, and has been full of it ever since."

“他的意思是他在皇家機(jī)構(gòu)聽(tīng)到的一些事情,“威爾金森太太評(píng)述說(shuō)?！八x了很多關(guān)于化學(xué)的內(nèi)容,他參加了法拉第教授關(guān)于蠟燭的化學(xué)史的講座,從此之后腦中盡是它了?！?/p>

"Now, you, sir," said Uncle Bagges, "come you here to me, and tell me what you have to say about this chemical. eh?—or comical, which?—this—comical chemical history of a candle."

“現(xiàn)在，你，先生，”叔叔Bagges說(shuō),“你到我這里來(lái),告訴我你關(guān)于這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)你想說(shuō)的話。好嗎?——或者是好笑的,?——這個(gè)——蠟燭好玩的化學(xué)歷史?！?/p>

"Harry, don't be troublesome to your uncle," said Mr Wilkinson.

“哈利,別麻煩你叔叔,”威爾金森先生說(shuō)。

"Troublesome? Oh, not at all. I like to hear him."

“麻煩?噢,一點(diǎn)也不。我喜歡聽(tīng)他說(shuō)?！?/p>

"Let us get a wax candle then, uncle. There's one on the mantle-shelf. Let me light it."

“讓我們拿一個(gè)蠟燭,叔叔。被蓋著的架子上有一個(gè)。讓我點(diǎn)亮它?！?/p>

"Take care you don't burn your fingers, or set anything on fire," said Mrs Wilkinson.

“小心不要燒到你的手,或讓任何東西著火,”威爾金森太太說(shuō)。

"Now, uncle," commenced Harry, having drawn his chair to the side of Mr. Bagges, "we have got our candle burning. Look down on the top of it, around the wick. See, it is a little cup full of melted wax. The heat of the flame has melted the wax just round the wick. The cold air keeps the outside of it hard, so as to make the rim of it. The melted wax in the little cup goes up through the wick to be burned, just as oil does in the wick of a lamp. What do you think makes it go up, uncle?"

“現(xiàn)在,叔叔,”哈利正式開(kāi)始,將他的椅子的拖到Bagges先生的身邊,“我們讓我們的蠟燭燃燒。向下看著它的頂部，大約是燈芯?？?這是一個(gè)小杯熔化的蠟?；鹧娴母邷厝诨南瀮H僅在燈芯周?chē)?。外面的冷空氣讓外面的部分仍舊堅(jiān)硬,為了形成它的邊緣。這小杯熔化的蠟通過(guò)燃燒燈芯上升,就像在一盞燈的燈芯中的油。你認(rèn)為什么使它上升的,叔叔?”

"Why—why, the flame draws it up, doesn't it?"

“為什么——為什么，火焰讓它下來(lái)的,不是嗎?”

"Not exactly, uncle. It goes up through little tiny passages in the cotton wick, because very, very small channels, or pipes, or pores, have the power in themselves of sucking up liquids. What they do it by is called capillary attraction;—just as a sponge sucks up water, or a bit of lump-sugar the little drop of tea or coffee left in the bottom of a cup.

“不完全是,叔叔。它升起是通過(guò)小段的棉芯,因?yàn)榉浅?非常小的通道,或管道,或氣孔,本身有能力吸收液體。它們這樣做叫做微吸收;——就像海綿吸水,或一小塊糖放到茶或咖啡里時(shí)會(huì)掉到杯子的底部。

"Now, I'll blow the candle out; not to be in the dark, but to find out what it is.—Look at the smoke rising from the wick. I'll hold a bit of lighted paper in the smoke so as not to touch the wick. But see, for all that, the candle lights again! So this shows that the melted wax sucked up through the wick is turned into vapour, and the vapour burns. The heat of the burning vapour keeps on melting more wax, and that is sucked up too within the flame, and turned into vapour and burned; and so on till the wax is all used up and the candle is gone. So the flame, uncle, you see, is the last of the candle; and the candle seems to go through the flame into nothing, although it doesn't, but goes into several things;—and isn't it curious, as Professor Faraday said, that the candle should look so splendid and glorious in going away?

“現(xiàn)在,我要吹蠟燭了,不是在黑暗中,但去發(fā)現(xiàn)那是什么——看從燈芯上升起的煙。我將一小張點(diǎn)燃紙放在煙的上面,以免碰到燈芯。但你看,盡管如此,蠟燭復(fù)燃了!這表明,熔化的蠟通過(guò)燈芯的吸收變成蒸汽,并且蒸汽燃燒了。燃燒的熱蒸汽繼續(xù)融化著蠟,這是因?yàn)槲樟颂嗟臒崃?就變成蒸汽并燃起來(lái)了,所以直到蠟都用盡，蠟燭才是消失了。所以這火焰,叔叔,你看,是蠟燭最后留下來(lái)的,蠟燭似乎經(jīng)過(guò)火焰燃燒什么都沒(méi)了,其實(shí)沒(méi)有,它至少變成了幾件事;——這不是稀奇的,法拉第教授說(shuō),蠟燭看起來(lái)應(yīng)該如此燦爛和輝煌的消失?