想長壽嗎?你可能想戒掉這些飲料

Want to live longer? You may want to ditch these drinks

想長壽嗎?你可能想戒掉這些飲料

A new study followed more than 450,000 people from 10 European countries for up to 19 years and found those who drank two or more glasses of any type of soda a day had a higher risk of dying from any cause of death than people who drank less than a glass each month. None of the people had cancer, diabetes, heart disease or stroke before their participation.

一項新的研究對來自10個歐洲國家的45萬多人進(jìn)行了長達(dá)19年的跟蹤調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)那些每天喝兩杯或兩杯以上任何類型蘇打水的人死于任何原因的風(fēng)險都高于每月喝不到一杯的人。在參與之前，沒有人患有癌癥，糖尿病，心臟病或中風(fēng)。

The study, published Tuesday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, found men and women who drank two or more glasses a day of sugar-sweetened soft drinks had a higher risk of dying from digestive disorders, while those who drank the same amount of diet drinks had higher risks of dying from cardiovascular disease.

周二發(fā)表在《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會內(nèi)科雜志》上的這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天喝兩杯或更多杯含糖軟飲料的男性和女性死于消化系統(tǒng)紊亂的風(fēng)險更高，而喝同樣數(shù)量的減肥飲料的人死于心血管疾病的風(fēng)險更高。

The link to digestive disease in the study is interesting, said Dr. Sharon Horesh Bergquist, an assistant professor of medicine at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta.

亞特蘭大埃默里大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的醫(yī)學(xué)助理教授莎倫·霍雷什·伯奎斯特博士說，這項研究中與消化系統(tǒng)疾病的聯(lián)系很有趣。

"Experimental evidence suggests that high blood sugar and high sugar intake can impair the gut barrier, leading to a 'leaky gut' and access to the gut immune system causing intestinal inflammation, alter gut microbiota and increase susceptibility to gut infections," she said. "These pathways may increase susceptibility to digestive diseases."

她說:“實驗證據(jù)表明，高血糖和高糖攝入會損害腸道屏障，導(dǎo)致腸道滲漏，進(jìn)入腸道免疫系統(tǒng)，引起腸道炎癥，改變腸道微生物群，增加腸道感染的易感染性。”“這些途徑可能會增加消化系統(tǒng)疾病的易感染性。”

Total soft drink consumption in the study was also associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease, but not with Alzheimer's or cancer.

研究中軟飲料的總消費(fèi)量也與帕金森病的風(fēng)險增加有關(guān)，但與阿爾茨海默病或癌癥無關(guān)。

Soft drinks were defined as "low calorie or diet fizzy soft drinks", "fizzy soft drinks," such as cola and lemonade, and "fruit squash or cordials," which are non-alcoholic concentrated syrups typically mixed with sugar and water. In this study, one glass of soft drink was 8 ounces, or 250 milliliters; the typical can of soda around the world holds 12 ounces or 355 milliliters.

軟飲料被定義為“低熱量或碳酸飲料”，“碳酸飲料”，如可樂和檸檬水，以及“果汁或甜酒”，這是一種不含酒精的濃縮糖漿，通常與糖和水混合。在這項研究中，一杯軟飲料是8盎司，或250毫升;世界上一罐普通的蘇打水含有12盎司或355毫升。

This large, long-term study is yet another in a growing list of research that is sounding the alarm on our love affair with carbonated soft drinks.

這項大規(guī)模、長期的研究是眾多研究中的又一項，它敲響了我們對碳酸軟飲料的愛的警鐘。

In February, the American Heart Association released a study that found drinking two or more of any kind of artificially sweetened drinks a day is linked to an increased risk of clot-based strokes, heart attacks and early death in women over 50. The risks were highest for women with no history of heart disease or diabetes and women who were obese or African-American.

今年2月，美國心臟協(xié)會發(fā)布的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天飲用兩種或兩種以上任何一種人工加糖飲料，都會增加50歲以上女性罹患血栓性中風(fēng)、心臟病發(fā)作和早逝的風(fēng)險。沒有心臟病或糖尿病病史的女性以及肥胖或非裔美國人患病風(fēng)險最高。

Previous research has shown a link between diet beverages and stroke, dementia, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes.

此前的研究表明，減肥飲料與中風(fēng)、癡呆、2型糖尿病、肥胖和代謝綜合征之間存在聯(lián)系，而代謝綜合征會導(dǎo)致心臟病和糖尿病。

In March, a study published in the journal Circulation used data from 80,500 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study and nearly 40,000 men from the Health Professionals study. It found that women who drank more than two servings a day of sugary beverages -- defined as a standard glass, bottle or can -- had a 63% increased risk of premature death compared to women who drank them less than once a month. Men who did the same had a 29% increase in risk.

三月份，發(fā)表在《循環(huán)》雜志上的一項研究使用了80，500名參加護(hù)士健康研究的女性和近40，000名來自健康專業(yè)人員研究的男性的數(shù)據(jù)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天喝兩份以上含糖飲料的女性(定義為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)玻璃杯、瓶子或罐頭)與每月喝不到一次的女性相比，早逝的風(fēng)險增加了63%。做同樣事情的男人有29%的風(fēng)險增加。

Those who consumed more than one sugary beverage per month but fewer than two per day seemed to experience a dose effect: The more they drank, the greater the risk.

那些每月飲用超過一杯含糖飲料，但每天喝不到兩杯的人似乎會受到劑量效應(yīng)的影響:他們喝得越多，患病風(fēng)險越大。

Substituting one sugary beverage per day with an artificially sweetened one was found to lower the risk of premature death, but drinking four or more artificially sweetened beverages increased the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease in women. The same effect was not seen for men, and it was not seen for the risk of dying from cancer.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天喝一杯含糖飲料代替人工加糖飲料可以降低早逝的風(fēng)險，但喝四杯或四杯以上的人工加糖飲料會增加女性因心血管疾病早逝的風(fēng)險。在男性身上沒有觀察到同樣的結(jié)果，在死于癌癥的風(fēng)險上也沒有觀察到。

While the studies above didn't see an association between soft drinks and cancer, another study published in the BMJ in July did. The research followed more than 100,000 French adults and found drinking just a small glass of a sugary drink per day -- 100 ml, about a third of a can of soda -- to an 18% increase in overall cancer risk and a 22% increase in risk for breast cancer.

雖然上述研究并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)軟飲料與癌癥之間的聯(lián)系，但《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》(BMJ)今年7月發(fā)表的另一項研究卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。研究了超過100000名法國成年人,發(fā)現(xiàn)喝一小杯含糖飲料——100毫升,大約一罐蘇打水的三分之一——總體癌癥風(fēng)險增加了18%，患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險增加了22%。