你應該清楚你給孩子喂了多少人工甜味劑

你應該清楚你給孩子喂了多少人工甜味劑

Parents don't want to give their children foods with artificial sweeteners, surveys show.

調(diào)查顯示，父母不想給孩子吃含有人造甜味劑的食物。

"Studies show most parents aren't aware that when they choose a low-calorie or low-sugar product, they are likely giving their children artificial or nonnutritive sweeteners," said pediatrician Dr. Carissa Baker-Smith.

兒科醫(yī)生卡莉薩·貝克爾-史密斯說:“研究表明，大多數(shù)父母在選擇低熱量或低糖產(chǎn)品時，可能并沒有意識到他們給孩子吃的是人工甜味劑或無營養(yǎng)甜味劑。”

She is the lead author on a new AAP policy statement released Monday calling attention to potential long-term safety risks of the use of nonnutritive sweeteners by children.

她是美國兒科學會(AAP)周一發(fā)布的一份新政策聲明的主要作者，這份聲明呼吁人們關注兒童使用無營養(yǎng)甜味劑的潛在長期安全風險。

"We looked at all the studies on these products and found there's little known about how these sweeteners might affect children's long-term health," Baker-Smith said.

貝克爾-史密斯說:“我們查看了所有關于這些產(chǎn)品的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對這些甜味劑如何影響兒童的長期健康知之甚少。”

Artificial sweeteners are high-intensity sweeteners many times sweeter than sugar. They add few or no calories to the foods they flavor and generally do not raise blood sugar levels.

人造甜味劑是高強度的甜味劑，比糖甜很多倍。它們在調(diào)味的食物中幾乎不添加卡路里，通常也不會提高血糖水平。

Because they can be made from natural ingredients such as herbs (Stevia), fruits and berries (sugar alcohols like sorbitol often used in chewing gum) as well as synthesized from chemicals (saccharin, aspartame), they are now called "nonnutritive sweeteners."

因為它們可以由草藥(甜葉菊)、水果和漿果(山梨醇等糖醇常用于口香糖)等天然成分制成，也可以由化學物質(zhì)(糖精、阿斯巴甜)合成，所以它們現(xiàn)在被稱為“無營養(yǎng)甜味劑”。

Whatever they are called, these sweeteners are "ubiquitous" in the products we consume, Baker-Smith said, and it can be hard to people to pick them out.

不管它們叫什么，這些甜味劑在我們消費的產(chǎn)品中“無處不在”，貝克爾-史密斯說，人們很難識別出來他們。

"First you have to read the ingredient list," she said, "and then you have to know the names of all the different sweeteners. Do people really recognize aspartame and acesulfame potassium?"

“首先你得看成分表，”她說，“然后你得知道所有不同甜味劑的名稱。人們真的認識阿斯巴甜和阿西沙利鉀嗎?”

One 2014 study found parents were unable to identify these nonnutritive sweeteners in 77% of the products they were shown.

2014年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母們無法在展示給他們的產(chǎn)品中鑒別出這些無營養(yǎng)甜味劑占77%。

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved six high-intensity sweeteners as food additives: saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium (Ace-K), sucralose, neotame and advantame.

美國食品和藥品管理局批準了6種高強度甜味劑作為食品添加劑:糖精、阿斯巴甜、安賽蜜

How much are you eating?

你吃了多少?

Even if a parent recognizes the name of products, Baker-Smith said, it's then impossible to discover how much sweetener is in each serving.

貝克爾-史密斯說，即使父母識別這些產(chǎn)品的名字，也不可能發(fā)現(xiàn)每份食品中有多少甜味劑。

"The amount per serving is not listed on product labels, so you don't actually know how much sweetener a child is eating," she said.

“每份的量并沒有列在產(chǎn)品標簽上，所以你實際上并不知道一個孩子吃了多少甜味劑，”她說。

In their new guidance statement, the AAP is calling for manufacturers to do a better job of labeling these nonnutritive sweetners.

在他們的新指導聲明中，美國兒科學會呼吁制造商盡可能地給這些無營養(yǎng)甜味劑貼標簽。

"And the FDA should require manufactuers to list the amount of nonnutritive sweetener a product contains on labels," Baker-Smith said. "That would help families and researchers understand how just how much is actually being consumed."

貝克爾-史密斯說:“美國食品和藥品管理局應該要求生產(chǎn)商在標簽上列出產(chǎn)品中所含的非營養(yǎng)甜味劑的含量。”“這將幫助家庭和研究人員了解實際消費了多少甜味劑。”

The FDA has set limits on the amount of each sweetener that a 132-pound person should consume each day.

美國食品和藥品管理局對132磅的人每天應該攝入的每種甜味劑的數(shù)量進行了限制。

While an adult of 132 lbs would have to eat a lot of non-caloric foods to reach that limit, young children do not weigh that much.

132磅的成年人需要吃大量的無熱量的食物才能達到這個極限，而年幼的孩子則沒有那么重。

Baker-Smith said, "If I start eating these at three and keep eating them until I'm 60, we don't know what the long-term exposure might be.

貝克爾-史密斯說，“如果我從三歲開始吃這些東西，一直吃到60歲，我們不知道長期這樣會有什么后果。”

"Some would argue that we've been using these for decades now," she said, "but I still say that we just don't have the research to know."

“有些人可能會說，我們已經(jīng)堅持了幾十年了，”她說，“但我仍然認為，我們沒有相關研究來證實這一點。”