火星任務(wù)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙和焦慮

火星任務(wù)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙和焦慮

Can the human brain handle space?

人類大腦能處理空間嗎?

On a long-term spaceflight mission to Mars, astronauts will be continuously exposed to low-dose radiation in deep space. A new study found that this exposure can cause impairments in the brains of mice, resulting in learning and memory issues as well as anxiety.

在長(zhǎng)期的火星飛行任務(wù)中，宇航員將持續(xù)暴露在深太空的低劑量輻射中。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種接觸會(huì)導(dǎo)致老鼠大腦受損，導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)和記憶問(wèn)題以及焦慮。

The study was published Monday in the journal eNeuro.

這項(xiàng)研究周一發(fā)表在《eNeuro》雜志上。

Previous studies looking at the effect of radiation on the brain have used shorter rates of exposure but higher doses of radiation, which the researchers of the new study say inaccurately reflects deep space conditions.

之前的研究著眼于輻射對(duì)大腦的影響，使用的是更短的暴露率，但更高的輻射劑量，新研究的研究人員稱，這并不準(zhǔn)確地反映了深空條件。

This study now shows that radiation delivered at space relevant dose rates (i.e. 1 mGy/day) over extended ties ( 6 months) elicits adverse neurocognitive effects - similar to our past studies using dose rates ~ 400 times higher.

這項(xiàng)研究現(xiàn)在表明，在與空間相關(guān)的劑量率(即1 mGy/天)下，在延長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間(6個(gè)月)內(nèi)進(jìn)行的輻射會(huì)引起不良的神經(jīng)認(rèn)知效應(yīng)——與我們過(guò)去使用劑量率約400倍高的研究相似。

In the new study, male mice were exposed to chronic low-dose radiation for six months. After six months had passed, the researchers found that signaling in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was impaired by the radiation.

在這項(xiàng)新的研究中，雄性老鼠被暴露在慢性低劑量輻射下6個(gè)月。六個(gè)月后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，輻射會(huì)破壞前額皮質(zhì)和海馬區(qū)的信號(hào)。

This created impairments in both memory and learning for the mice.

這給老鼠的記憶力和學(xué)習(xí)能力造成了損害。

The researchers also observed behaviors indicating anxiety in the mice, which led them to believe that the radiation also affected the amygdala.

研究人員還觀察到老鼠表現(xiàn)出焦慮的行為，這讓他們相信輻射也會(huì)影響杏仁核。

"This study now shows that radiation delivered at space relevant dose rates over extended times elicits adverse neurocognitive effects similar to our past studied using dose rates that were about 400 times higher," said Charlies Limoli, study author and professor of radiation oncology at the University of California, Irvine.

該研究的作者、加州大學(xué)歐文分校(University of California, Irvine)放射腫瘤學(xué)教授查理斯•利莫里(Charlies Limoli)表示:“這項(xiàng)研究現(xiàn)在顯示，以空間相關(guān)劑量率在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的輻射，會(huì)引發(fā)與我們過(guò)去使用劑量率高出約400倍的劑量進(jìn)行的研究類似的負(fù)面神經(jīng)認(rèn)知效應(yīng)。”

Based on their findings, the researchers believe that one out of five astronauts on a deep space mission would likely experienced anxiety. One in three would be more likely to deal with memory issues. And all of them may struggle when it comes to making decisions, which would be crucial on a mission to Mars where communications with the Earth are delayed by up to 20 minutes.

根據(jù)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員認(rèn)為，在執(zhí)行深空任務(wù)的宇航員中，五分之一的人可能會(huì)感到焦慮。三分之一的人更有可能處理記憶問(wèn)題。所有人在做決定時(shí)都可能會(huì)遇到困難，這對(duì)火星任務(wù)至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)榛鹦桥c地球的通訊會(huì)延遲20分鐘。

The research highlights the need for safety measures to protect astronauts undergoing long-term spaceflight. Currently, astronauts on the International Space Station aren't exposed to much radiation because the station is in the protective habitat of low-Earth orbit. Outside of that orbit, the exposure to radiation will only increase.

這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了采取安全措施保護(hù)長(zhǎng)期太空飛行的宇航員的必要性。目前，國(guó)際空間站的宇航員沒(méi)有受到太多的輻射，因?yàn)樵摽臻g站位于近地軌道的保護(hù)棲息地。在這個(gè)軌道之外，輻射只會(huì)增加。

"NASA is working one more advanced shielding approaches for protecting astronauts and we along with other groups are working on pharmacologic countermeasures for protecting the brain and body from the harmful effects of space radiation exposure," Limoli said.

利莫里說(shuō):“美國(guó)宇航局正在研究一種更先進(jìn)的屏蔽方法來(lái)保護(hù)宇航員，我們和其他小組正在研究保護(hù)大腦和身體免受太空輻射傷害的藥理學(xué)對(duì)策。”

But Limoli and his team aren't concerned about the potential for these impairments and behaviors during future missions.

但利莫里和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)并不擔(dān)心在未來(lái)的任務(wù)中可能出現(xiàn)這些損傷和行為。