孫子兵法 The Art of War 中英文對(duì)照 （3）

取用于國(guó)，因糧于敵，故軍食可足也。

Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.

國(guó)之貧于師者遠(yuǎn)輸，遠(yuǎn)輸則百姓貧;

Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.

近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財(cái)竭，

On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.

財(cái)竭則急于丘役。

When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.

力屈中原、內(nèi)虛于家，百姓之費(fèi)，十去其七;公家之費(fèi)，破軍罷馬，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。

With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.

故智將務(wù)食于敵，食敵一鐘，當(dāng)吾二十鐘;□①桿一石，當(dāng)吾二十石。

Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store.

故殺敵者，怒也;取敵之利者，貨也。

Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.

車戰(zhàn)得車十乘以上，賞其先得者而更其旌旗。車雜而乘之，卒善而養(yǎng)之，是謂勝敵而益強(qiáng)。

Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy, and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. This is called, using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength.

故兵貴勝，不貴久。

In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.

故知兵之將，民之司命。國(guó)家安危之主也。

Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.

【注：】①：“忌”加“艸”頭。