【BBC紀(jì)錄片】凡爾賽宮 第31期：上帝面前,人人平等

But as the rooms of Versailles filled up with Louis's offspring,

但當(dāng)凡爾賽宮住滿了路易的子孫后

the King's mind moved toaffairsof state.

國(guó)王的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了國(guó)家政務(wù)

He decided to copy his illustrious predecessor in another way,

他決定從另一方面模仿他杰出的祖父

by taking France to war.

將法國(guó)引入戰(zhàn)火

The decision of Louis XV to go to war in 1744

路易十五1744年的開戰(zhàn)決定

was hugely popular.

得到了廣泛支持

This was what the King of France should do.

人們認(rèn)為這就是法國(guó)國(guó)王該做的事

He should be seen at the head of his armies,

他應(yīng)向世人展現(xiàn)他軍隊(duì)首領(lǐng)的姿態(tài)

fighting and leading his troops.

引領(lǐng)他的部隊(duì)去戰(zhàn)斗

Louis's declaration of war against France's traditional enemies,

路易決定向法國(guó)的老對(duì)手

of Britain, and Austria,

英國(guó)和奧地利宣戰(zhàn)

made him a hero on the streets.

這使他成為了街頭巷尾傳誦的英雄

And so did his decision to lead his armies in person,

同樣傳為佳話的 還有他決定親征

accompanied, of course, by two of the de Nesle sisters.

并且身邊還帶著內(nèi)勒家兩姐妹陪同

But war was to bring Louis his first brush with death.

但這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將路易首次推向了死亡邊緣

While he was at Metz,

在梅斯時(shí)

he fell terribly ill,

他得了重病

and it was considered that he was going to die.

人們都認(rèn)為他要死了

Certainly the doctors had given up hope,

醫(yī)生也放棄了希望

and back in France, the population were shocked, genuinely,

在法國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi) 人們極為震驚

absolutely frozen with fear that they would lose their king.

被失去國(guó)王的恐懼嚇得手足無措

In order, as a Catholic, to receive the last sacraments,

作為天主教徒 要接受臨終圣禮

he had to confess.

他必須懺悔

And, in order to confess, he had to send away his mistress

而要懺悔 他就要遣散情婦

and renounce her.

與之?dāng)嘟^關(guān)系

Louis didn't think much of his marriage vows,

路易不甚在乎結(jié)婚誓言

but like most people of his age,

但像多數(shù)同時(shí)代的人一樣

he did believe in heaven and hell.

他相信天堂和地獄

And he knew which one he wanted to avoid.

也清楚自己不想進(jìn)地獄

The King,

國(guó)王

like the least of his subjects,

和他最卑微的臣民一樣

was afraid of dying without absolution,

都害怕在未被赦免的情況下死去

and wasafraidfor the state of his immortal soul.

害怕他的永恒靈魂會(huì)下地獄

He knew that one day he would have to face God,

他知道他終有一天要面見上帝

and give an account of himself,

總結(jié)自己的一生

and then he would just be a man before God,

屆時(shí)他只是上帝面前的一個(gè)普通人

like any other man.

與他人一般無二

一.affair：n. 私通，事件，事務(wù)，事情

【詞義辨析】

affair，business，matter，concern，thing

affair: 含義較廣，側(cè)重指已發(fā)生或必須去做的任何事情或事務(wù)。復(fù)數(shù)形式多指重大或較復(fù)雜的事務(wù)。

business: 通常指較重要或較難而又必須承擔(dān)的事情，也可指商事。

matter: 普通用詞，著重指一件考慮中的或需要處理的事。

concern: 往往強(qiáng)調(diào)與個(gè)人或團(tuán)體利害有直接或重大關(guān)系的事。

thing: 用作“事情”解時(shí)，詞義較籠統(tǒng)、含糊，多用于指不很具體的事。

【詞語用法】

affair的復(fù)數(shù)形式affairs常指“情形”或“事態(tài)”，不指“多件事”。

He asked me how affairs stood.

他問我情形怎么樣了。

注意affairs前沒有the。

affair有時(shí)指“love-affair”，即“風(fēng)流韻事”。

He has had an affair with the girl.

下列表達(dá)方式中用affairs，復(fù)數(shù)形式：foreign affairs (外交事務(wù))，his financial affairs (他的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況)，your own affairs (你自己的事情)。

【例句用法】

1.The minister is busy with important affairs of state.

部長(zhǎng)忙于重要國(guó)務(wù)。

2.The party was a dull affair.

這次聚會(huì)單調(diào)乏味。

3.Mind your own affairs!

別管閑事!

二.afraid：adj. 抱歉的，擔(dān)心的，害怕的

【詞語用法】

much afraid, very much afraid和very afraid都指“很害怕”，但因afraid是表語形容詞，very afraid的表達(dá)方式不妥當(dāng)。使用最普遍的是very much afraid，等同于afraid的定語形容詞是frightened;

afraid后可加不定式，of和動(dòng)名詞，that或lest引導(dǎo)的從句：

加不定式時(shí)，指“怕……”，如afraid to die指“怕死”，afraid to see him指“怕見他”。

加of和動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，除了指“怕。。。”，還常指“恐怕將。。。”，如afraid of dying指“恐怕將死”或“怕死”，afraid of seeing him指“(不想見而)恐怕難免要見到他”或“怕見他”。

that從句中，常省略開首的that。

I am afraid (that) we shall be late.

I am afraid有時(shí)指“I am sorry”。

I am afraid I cannot tell you.

注意I am afraid不能單獨(dú)代替I am sorry.

不可用在名詞名詞前，如可以說John is afraid，或John is a frightened man，不可說John is an afraidman;

在非正式表達(dá)方式下，be afraid要比fear使用得更普遍，如Don’t be afraid，而不是Don’t fear。

【例句用法】

1.Have we missed the train? I'm afraid so.

我們誤了火車了嗎?很遺憾，是誤了.

2.I can't help you, I'm afraid.

我?guī)筒涣四愕拿?，?duì)不起。

3.`Have you any milk?' `I'm afraid not.'

‘你有牛奶嗎?’‘對(duì)不起，沒有.’

4.I didn't mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him/afraid (that) I might upset him.

我沒有提起那件事，因?yàn)槲遗滤臒┮鈦y。

5.I'm afraid we can't come.

很抱歉，我們不能來。

6.Are you afraid of snakes?

你怕蛇嗎?