英語(yǔ)聽力小短文走遍全世界24: 新女性，新語(yǔ)言

所屬教程:英語(yǔ)聽力小短文走遍全世界

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2015年07月16日

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英語(yǔ)聽力原文：

The use of deferential(敬重的)language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which domiantes conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts.

敬語(yǔ)的使用是儒家理想婦女的標(biāo)志，它統(tǒng)治著日本保守的性別準(zhǔn)則。這種理想表現(xiàn)為婦女安靜地退居幕后，將自己的生活和需要屈從于家庭和男性主人的需要。她是有義務(wù)的女兒，是妻子和母親、家務(wù)藝術(shù)的大師。

The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads softly(謹(jǐn)言慎行) in the world," elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.

典型的優(yōu)雅日本婦女在謙遜和精巧上非常優(yōu)秀，她們“謹(jǐn)言慎行”，把婦女的美麗與優(yōu)雅提升到了藝術(shù)的層面。

Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic(語(yǔ)言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential "women's" forms, and even using the few strong forms that are known as "men's." This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women's language.

現(xiàn)在，年輕婦女不再遵從婦女語(yǔ)言的理想已經(jīng)是普遍現(xiàn)象了。她們更少使用非常恭順的女性用語(yǔ)，甚至使用少量強(qiáng)硬的男性用語(yǔ)。當(dāng)然，這吸引了廣泛的注意，并引起了日本媒體對(duì)婦女語(yǔ)言的非女性化傾向的疾呼。

The facat that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change — of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the "masculization" of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be "masculine."

年輕日本女性使用越來(lái)越少的敬語(yǔ)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是社會(huì)變化和語(yǔ)言變化的標(biāo)志。但是幾乎可以肯定的是，它不是女孩子男性化的標(biāo)志。在某些例子中，這是女性要求得到和男性一樣的權(quán)威的標(biāo)志，但是這和說(shuō)她們嘗試男性化大不相同。

Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like "masculine" speech may seem to an adolescent like "liberated" or "hip" speech.

勝家·雷諾茲認(rèn)為女性現(xiàn)在使用更為肯定的語(yǔ)言是為了在學(xué)校和社會(huì)中和男性進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。同樣，社會(huì)變化帶給婦女的不單是不同的社會(huì)位置，還包括生命階段的不同關(guān)系，少女還參與到嶄新的亞文化形式中去。所以這些對(duì)于年長(zhǎng)者來(lái)說(shuō)看似“男性化”用語(yǔ)，對(duì)青少年來(lái)說(shuō)就像是解放宣言。

英語(yǔ)詞匯整理：

1. symbolic adj. 象征的;符號(hào)的

eg: But how do you find a fossil of a symbolic thought?

但你如何找到一塊象征性思維的化石呢?

短語(yǔ)：

symbolic logic 符號(hào)邏輯

symbolic expression 符號(hào)表達(dá)式

symbolic language 象征性的語(yǔ)言

symbolic code 符號(hào)代碼

symbolic name 符號(hào)名稱

2. conservative adj. 保守的

eg：People tend to be more liberal when they're young and more conservative as they get older.