國(guó)際關(guān)系英語(yǔ)詞匯大全Unit 38

　　英語(yǔ)單詞講解 unit 38

　　1.Hugo Grotius

　　Hugo Grotius (10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot, Hugo Grocio or Hugo de Groot, was a jurist in the Dutch Republic. With Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. He was also a philosopher, theologian, Christian apologist, playwright, historiographer, poet, statesman and diplomat.

　　1.胡果·格老秀斯

　　胡果·格老秀斯，又譯為格勞秀斯、格勞秀士(1583年4月10日-1645年8月28日)，出生于荷蘭，基督教護(hù)教學(xué)者，亦為國(guó)際法及海洋法鼻祖，其《海洋自由論》主張公海是可以自由航行，為當(dāng)時(shí)新興的海權(quán)國(guó)家如荷蘭、英國(guó)提供了相關(guān)法律原則的基礎(chǔ)，以突破當(dāng)時(shí)西班牙和英國(guó)對(duì)海洋貿(mào)易的壟斷，并反對(duì)炮艦外交。其名Hugo(胡果)在國(guó)際公法首次傳入中國(guó)時(shí)，被譯為虎哥。

　　2.Jean Bodin

　　Jean Bodin (1530–1596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology. Bodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He remained a nominal Catholic throughout his life but was critical of papal authority over governments, favouring the strong central control of a national monarchy as an antidote to factional strife. Toward the end of his life he wrote, but did not publish, a dialogue among different religions, including representatives of Judaism, Islam and natural theology, in which all agreed to coexist in concord.

　　2.讓·博丹

　　讓·博丹(1530年-1596年)，是法國(guó)的律師、國(guó)會(huì)議員和法學(xué)教授，因他的主權(quán)理論而被視為政治科學(xué)之父。代表作《國(guó)家六論》，與霍布斯、波舒哀等人同為西方絕對(duì)君主制理論的集大成者。讓·博丹出生于法國(guó)宗教改革的動(dòng)蕩時(shí)期。著書(shū)反對(duì)法國(guó)的宗教沖突。他雖然名義上仍為天主教徒，但對(duì)教皇的權(quán)威高于法國(guó)君主持批評(píng)的態(tài)度。主張由法國(guó)國(guó)王實(shí)施中央專制來(lái)取代派系紛爭(zhēng)。在臨近生命結(jié)束時(shí)，他完成了不同宗教之間的對(duì)話，其中包括了伊斯蘭教、猶太教和自然神學(xué)。他的主張是各種宗教和諧共存。

　　3.John Ikenberry

　　Gilford John Ikenberry (October 5, 1954) is a theorist of international relations and United States foreign policy, and a professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.

　　3.約翰·伊肯伯里

　　約翰·伊肯伯里，美國(guó)芝加哥大學(xué)政治學(xué)博士(1985)，曾任美國(guó)喬冶城大學(xué)埃德蒙·沃爾什外交學(xué)院教授(地理政治與全球正義)，現(xiàn)任美國(guó)普林斯頓大學(xué)政治與國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)教授。他還是卡耐基國(guó)際和平基金會(huì)的高級(jí)研究員、伍德羅·威爾遜國(guó)際學(xué)者中心(華盛頓特區(qū))的會(huì)員。著有《大戰(zhàn)勝利之后》(After Victory：Institutions,Strategic Restraint,and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars)、《國(guó)家權(quán)力與世界市場(chǎng)》(State Power and Wortd Markets：The International Political Economy)、《國(guó)家理性：石油政治與美國(guó)政府能力》(Reasons of State：Oil Politics and the Capacities of American Government)等。