國際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 26

　　英語單詞講解 unit 26

　　1.Marginal cost

　　In economics and finance, marginal cost is the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced has an increment by unit. That is, it is the cost of producing one more unit of a good.

　　1.邊際成本

　　在經(jīng)濟學(xué)和金融學(xué)中，邊際成本指的是每一單位新增生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品(或者購買的產(chǎn)品)帶來的總成本的增量。

　　2.Economic sanctions

　　Economic sanctions are domestic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another country (or group of countries). Economic sanctions may include various forms of trade barriers and restrictions on financial transactions. Economic sanctions are not necessarily imposed because of economic circumstances — they may also be imposed for a variety of political and social issues. Economic sanctions can be used for achieving domestic political gain.

　　2.經(jīng)濟制裁

　　經(jīng)濟制裁，采用斷絕外交關(guān)系以外的非武力強制性措施。泛指全面性的貿(mào)易中止、特定物資禁運、人員禁入，以及金融資產(chǎn)之凍結(jié)。一般認(rèn)為，財政、金融、貿(mào)易等領(lǐng)域的制裁均屬于經(jīng)濟制裁。

　　3.Business cycle

　　The term business cycle (or economic cycle or boom–bust cycle) refers to fluctuations in aggregate production, trade and activity over several months or years in a market economy. The business cycle is the upward and downward movements of levels of gross domestic product (GDP) and refers to the period of expansions and contractions in the level of economic activities (business fluctuations) around its long-term growth trend.

　　3.商業(yè)周期

　　商業(yè)周期(又稱經(jīng)濟循環(huán)或商業(yè)周期)，是指一個社會體中或者是全體社會體中，包含物價、股價、存貨量等相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟趨勢，呈現(xiàn)周期性循環(huán)變動的情況。商業(yè)周期的過程可以分為擴細(xì)分又可再分為擴張、危機、衰退、振興四階段。商業(yè)周期的周期長度沒有定論，包括了40個月、11年、20年、50年等。