國(guó)際關(guān)系英語(yǔ)詞匯大全Unit 25

　　英語(yǔ)單詞講解 unit 25

　　1.Antitrust Law

　　Antitrust law is a law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Antitrust law is implemented through public and private enforcement. Competition law is known as antitrust law in the United States and anti-monopoly law in China and Russia. In previous years it has been known as trade practices law in the United Kingdom and Australia.

　　1.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法

　　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法，或稱“反壟斷法”、“公平交易法”，是防止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為和不公平商業(yè)行為的法律，某些國(guó)家將被認(rèn)為會(huì)傷害商業(yè)環(huán)境或消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的行為定為非法，由政府機(jī)關(guān)里的監(jiān)督部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管，他們可能還要負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管和消費(fèi)者保護(hù)相關(guān)的法律。“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法”源起于美國(guó)法律“反托拉斯”，或直譯為“反信托”或“反托拉斯法”詞，最初創(chuàng)制目的是要對(duì)抗“商業(yè)信托”(現(xiàn)在通稱企業(yè)聯(lián)合)。很多國(guó)家都設(shè)有某種形式的反托拉斯法，例如歐盟就有《歐盟競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》。

　　2.Financial institution

　　In financial economics, a financial institution is an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members. Probably the greatest important financial service provided by financial institutions is acting as financial intermediaries. Most financial institutions are regulated by the government. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions：1)Depositary Institutions : Deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans, including banks, building societies, credit unions, trust companies, and mortgage loan companies;2)Contractual Institutions : Insurance companies and pension funds; and 3)Investment Institutions : Investment Banks, underwriters, brokerage firms.

　　2.金融機(jī)構(gòu)

　　金融機(jī)構(gòu)是指從事金融服務(wù)業(yè)有關(guān)的金融中介機(jī)構(gòu)，為金融體系的一部分，金融服務(wù)業(yè)包括銀行、證券、保險(xiǎn)、信托、基金等行業(yè)，與此相應(yīng)，金融中介機(jī)構(gòu)也包括銀行、證券公司、保險(xiǎn)公司、信托投資公司和基金管理公司等。 同時(shí)亦指有關(guān)放貸的機(jī)構(gòu)，發(fā)放貨款給客戶在財(cái)務(wù)上進(jìn)行周轉(zhuǎn)的公司，而且他們的利息相對(duì)也較銀行為高，但較方便客戶借貸，因?yàn)椴恍璺睆?fù)的文件進(jìn)行證明。

　　3.Multinational Corporation，MNC

　　Multinational corporations (MNC) or multinational enterprises (MNE) are organizations that are owned or control productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country. For example, when a corporation is registered in more than one country or has operations in more than one country, it may be attributed as MNC. Usually, an MNC is a large corporation which produces or sells goods or services in various countries. It can also be referred as an international corporation, or a "transnational corporation", or perhaps best of all, as a stateless corporation.

　　3.跨國(guó)公司

　　跨國(guó)公司、多國(guó)公司，經(jīng)常被稱為跨國(guó)企業(yè)，是在多個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)有業(yè)務(wù)，通常規(guī)模很大的公司。這些公司在不同的國(guó)家或地區(qū)設(shè)有辦事處、工廠或分公司，通常還有一個(gè)總部用來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)全球的管理工作。亦有超國(guó)家公司、國(guó)際化公司、“世界公司”等稱呼。跨國(guó)公司通常利用承包商來(lái)制造特殊的商品，外包的經(jīng)營(yíng)手法也經(jīng)常被使用。