新概念英語第二冊(cè)詳解第65課: Jumbo versus the police

　　Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police小象對(duì)警察

　　First listen and then answer the question.

　　聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。

　　Why did the police have to push Jumbo off the main street?

　　Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. 'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語

　　versus prep.

　　Christmas n.

　　circus n.

　　present n.

　　accompany v.

　　approach v.

　　ought modal verb.

　　weigh v.

　　fortunate adj.

　　參考譯文

　　去年圣誕節(jié)，馬戲團(tuán)老板吉米.蓋茨決定送些禮物給兒童醫(yī)院。他打扮成圣誕老人，在由6個(gè)漂亮姑娘組成的“儀仗隊(duì)”的陪同下，騎上一頭名叫江伯的小象，沿著城里的主要街道出發(fā)了。他本該知道警察絕不會(huì)允許這類事情發(fā)生。一個(gè)警察走過來告訴吉米，他應(yīng)該走一條小路，因?yàn)榻醋璧K了交通。雖然吉米同意馬上就走，但江伯卻拒絕移動(dòng)。15個(gè)警察不得不用很大的力氣把它推離主要街道。警察雖然吃了苦頭，但他們還是感到很有趣。“江伯一定有好幾噸重，”一個(gè)警察事后這樣說，“值得慶幸的是它沒讓我們抬它走。當(dāng)然，我們應(yīng)該逮捕它，但由于它一貫表現(xiàn)很好，這次我們饒了它。”

　

　　1.Jumbo versus the police,(標(biāo)題)小象對(duì)警察。

　　versus表了競賽等中“……對(duì)……”：

　　Have you watched the game last night? It was France versus Italy.

　　昨天晚上的比賽你看了嗎?是法國隊(duì)對(duì)意大利隊(duì)。

　　2.Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a‘guard of honour’of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. 他打扮成圣誕老人，在由6個(gè)漂亮姑娘組成的“儀仗隊(duì)”的陪同下，騎上一頭名叫江伯的小象，沿著城里的主要街道出發(fā)了。

　　(1)dress up as表示“裝扮成……(的樣子)”，這里的 dressed 有表示狀態(tài)的含義。

　　(2)在英國英語中，圣誕老人通常用 Father Christmas表示。Father大寫可表示對(duì)老人的一種尊稱：Father Baker(貝克大爺/老爹)。

　　(3)accompany (vt.)的主要含義是“陪伴”、“陪同”：

　　Jane accompanied her mother to the theatre last night.

　　昨天晚上，簡陪她母親去看戲了。

　　When I saw her yesterday, she was accompanied by her boyfriend.

　　昨天我見到她時(shí)，她正由她的男朋友陪著。

　　(4)guard of honour指“儀仗隊(duì)”， guard可表示“(一隊(duì))警衛(wèi)隊(duì)”、“(一隊(duì))衛(wèi)兵/哨兵”等。of six pretty girls中的 of表示“由……組成的”：

　　A group of six Chinese boys took part in the competition.

　　一個(gè)由6名中國男孩組成的小組參加了這次競賽。

　　(5)down在這里是介詞，表示“沿”、“順”、“循”的意思：

　　Just walk down the street and you'll see the post office.

　　一直沿著這條街走，你就會(huì)看到郵局。

　　(6)baby可作形容詞，表示“幼小的”、“小的”、“小型的”等含義：She likes to watch baby dogs.

　　她喜歡觀看小狗。

　　She has a baby car.

　　她有一輛微型汽車。

　　3.…Jumbo was holding up the traffic. ……江伯阻礙了交通。

　　hold up 為固定短語，其含義之一為“阻止”、“使停頓”、“延誤”、“阻礙”：

　　If you park the car in the street, it'll hold up the traffic.

　　如果你把車停在街上，它將會(huì)阻礙交通。

　　4.to get him off the main street, 把它推離主要街道。get off在這里表示“從……移去/除去”：

　　Please get the box off the boat.

　　請(qǐng)把那箱子從小船上弄下來。

　　5.…they were most amused.……他們感到很有趣。

　　most 在這里相當(dāng)于very。

　　6.…but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time. ……但由于它一貫表現(xiàn)很好，這次我們饒了它。

　　let…off 表示“放過”、“饒過”、“對(duì)……從輕處理”。record 可表示“履歷”、“歷史”或“成績”等：

　　Her record as a secretary in the firm isn't very good.

　　她在這家公司當(dāng)秘書時(shí)表現(xiàn)不太好。

　　Dan made a good/ poor record in school.

　　丹上學(xué)時(shí)成績很好/不佳。

　　The thief has a long record.

　　這小偷有一長串犯罪記錄。

　　語法 Grammar in use

　　表示“應(yīng)該”和“必須”的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 should, ought, have to 與must

　　(1)在第17課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示不可逃避的義務(wù)或表示“必須”的must。must通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來時(shí)，其他時(shí)態(tài)則用 have to代替。have to比 must往往更強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因：

　　In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.

　　演出時(shí)她必須穿一條鮮紅色的裙子和黑色的長筒襪。

　　Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress.

　　去年在演另一個(gè)劇時(shí)，她不得不穿短襪和一件鮮艷的橘紅色的衣服。

　　(2)should 和 ought to都可譯為“應(yīng)該”，表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任或某個(gè)正確的行為。ought to比 should語氣略強(qiáng)些，多用于肯定句;疑問句與否定結(jié)構(gòu)則多用 should。與它們相比， must和 have to 的語氣要強(qiáng)得多，沒有選擇余地：

　　(3)had to表示過去必須做某事，而 should/ought to+have+過去分詞則表示過去應(yīng)該做(或完成)而沒有做的事

　　詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

　　1.let

　　let 一般作及物動(dòng)詞，主要含義是“允許”、“讓”，后面可以跟不同的小品詞，有時(shí)意義變化不大，有時(shí)則變化較大。

　　(1)let in的含義之一是“允許進(jìn)來”：

　　The woman who let me in had a baby in her arms.

　　開門讓我進(jìn)來的那位婦女抱著一個(gè)孩子。

　　(2)let out的含義之一是“放走”、“釋放”、“放出去”：You shouldn't have let the thief out.

　　你不該把小偷放走。

　　Every evening they let the dog out.

　　他們每天傍晚把狗放出去。

　　(3)let off可以表示“放過”、“饒過”、“寬恕”、“對(duì)……從輕處理”：

　　I think we shall let him off this time.

　　我想這次我們饒了他。

　　The thief never dreamt that the police would let him off.

　　小偷從未想到警察會(huì)對(duì)他從輕處理。

　　(4)let down可以表示“使……失望”或“(在緊要關(guān)頭)拋棄”等：

　　They need your help. Don't let them down.

　　他們需要你的幫助。別讓他們失望。

　　He failed in the exam again and his parents felt let down.

　　他考試又沒及格，他父母覺得很失望。

　　2.agree 與 accept

　　(1)agree(vi.) 的主要含義是“同意(計(jì)劃、建議等)”，常與to和with連用：

　　I agree with you.

　　我同意你的意見。

　　They invited me to their wedding and I've agreed to go.

　　他們邀請(qǐng)我參加他們的婚禮，我已同意參加。

　　(2)accept主要作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“接受”、“收受”等：

　　She offered me some of her children's clothes and I accepted them.

　　她給了我一些她孩子們的衣服，我接受了。

　　(3)當(dāng) accept 表示“同意”、“接受”時(shí)，其含義與agree有相似之處，但用法不同：

　　I don't accept your opinion/ agree with your opinion.

　　我不同意你的觀點(diǎn)。

　　3.dress 與dress up

　　(1)dress (vt., vi.)表示“穿衣”、“打扮”：

　　He did not like the way she was dressed.

　　他不喜歡她的那副打扮。

　　She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat.

　　第二天上午，她又來到這家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣。

　　Tom has nearly learned how to dress/ dress himself now.

　　湯姆現(xiàn)在已差不多學(xué)會(huì)如何穿衣了。

　　(2)dress up表示“穿上盛裝”、“精心打扮”、“裝扮(成……)”等：Is everyone required to dress up for this party?

　　這個(gè)晚會(huì)要求大家都穿禮服嗎?

　　He dressed up as Father Christmas.

　　他裝扮成圣誕老人。

　　練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

　　1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

　　C 1 should (or ought to) come

　　2 had to do

　　3 should (or ought to) have come

　　4 should (or ought to) have asked

　　5 had to explain

　　2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

　　1 accepted…off 2 dress up…down

　　3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

　　1 a 2d 3b 4b 5c 6a

　　7 a 8 d 9 c 10 c 11b 12 d

　　【new words and expressions】 生詞和短語

　　★versus　prep. 對(duì)

　　vs.

　　★christmas　n. 圣誕節(jié)

　　christmas eve

　　father christmas :圣誕老人

　　santa claus:圣誕老人

　　★circus　n.馬戲團(tuán)

　　★present　n. 禮物

　　gift

　　★accompany　v. 陪伴，隨行

　　i'll accompany you to your hotel.

　　i'll accompany you home.

　　★approach　v. 走近

　　come nearer and nearer

　　the old man approaches 80 years old.

　　approach sb

　　he is approaching me.

　　approach n.途徑，方法

　　we have found an approach to success.

　　★ought　modal verb. 應(yīng)該

　　ought to do sth

　　should do sth.

　　should :應(yīng)該(我認(rèn)為)

　　ought to:應(yīng)該(義務(wù)上)

　　you should knock at the door.

　　you ought to knock at the door.

　　★weigh　v. 重

　　sb+weigh+體重

　　weight n.

　　lose weight 減肥

　　★fortunate　adj.幸運(yùn)的

　　lucky:有幸運(yùn)的，幸運(yùn)的

　　【課文講解】

　　在閱讀理解中學(xué)會(huì)化整為零，在寫作當(dāng)中學(xué)會(huì)化零為整

　　take to:把...送到

　　dress up as ：打扮成為

　　dress up 打扮

　　be dressed

　　accompanied

　　a guard of honour:儀仗隊(duì)

　　set off:出發(fā)

　　riding 跟主語有關(guān)系，必然是狀語

　　should have done :原本該做而沒做

　　needn't have done :過去不必做但是做了

　　ought to :應(yīng)該

　　所有的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 都跟過去有關(guān)

　　1.跟虛擬語氣有關(guān)的：would ahve done

　　2.　表示推測句型：may/must/can't have done

　　as=because

　　hold up the traffic:阻礙交通

　　though:盡管

　　agree to do :同意做某事

　　agree with sb

　　agree to (prep.)sth

　　I agree with you.

　　I agree to your advice

　　I agree to go with you.

　　off=away from 離開什么地方

　　must+v. 推測，have to:不得不

　　afterwards=later:后來

　　It was fortunate that...

　　carry:抬起來

　　should 跟現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系

　　should have done 跟過去有關(guān)系

　　let sb off(go):讓某人走(離開)

　　record:(警察局的)記錄

　　set up a new world record

　　sb have a good record

　　resume :履歷

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 一定和過去有關(guān)系

　　1表示推測的過去：must/can't/may

　　2.虛擬語氣相連：would have done

　　3.should have done :原本該做但是沒做

　　4.needn't have done :原本不必做但是做了

　　【Key structure】

　　should (應(yīng)該)(含有建議)

　　ought to:應(yīng)該(強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù))

　　have to :不得不

　　must 表示推測

　　1...should...

　　2...had to...

　　3...should have done...

　　4...ought to have done...

　　5...had to...

　　let sb off 讓某人走

　　let sb down 讓某人失望

　　let sb in/out :讓某人進(jìn)來/出去

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如果后面加動(dòng)詞原形，認(rèn)為跟現(xiàn)在/將來有關(guān)系;一旦要和過去有關(guān)系，一定會(huì)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加have done

　　【Multiple choice questions】

　　Structure

　　3.b

　　as 后面要加句子，只有在the same as 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)不加句子，或者是as...as

　　Lucy is the same as her sister

　　like 的后面加詞

　　like me 像我這樣

　　like London 像倫敦一樣

　　seem 后面可以直接加形容詞

　　He seemed rich 他看起來很富有

　　seem 后面會(huì)加to 這個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

　　He seemed to be rich

　　一個(gè)句型：It seemed that... 表示某件事情看起來似乎如此

　　It seemed that he is rich

　　seem 的后面常常會(huì)加as if

　　4.b

　　7.a

　　must 的后面是不會(huì)加to的

　　have to 當(dāng)中的have 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

　　【Summary writing】

　　1.

　　He decided to take some presents to a children's hospital.

　　He dressed up as Father Christmas.

　　He set off down the main street.

　　He was riding an elephant called Jumbo.

　　After 的后面可以直接加doing,也可以加having done

　　After knocking at the door

　　After having knocked at the door

　　After having decided to take presents to hospital and dressed up

　　as Father Christmas,he set off down the street riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

　　2.On being that he was holding up the traffic,he agreed to go at once,but Jumbo refused to move,so fifteen policemen had to push him off main street.

　　on 加在動(dòng)詞前面，相當(dāng)于as soon as

　　be 在這兒要跟done相連

　　but 句跟主句并列

　　3.

　　as 因?yàn)?/p>