口語(yǔ)進(jìn)階-敘事口語(yǔ)材料：計(jì)算機(jī)的歷史01

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口語(yǔ)進(jìn)階一般為更資深的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者準(zhǔn)備，包括對(duì)詞匯的了解，對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)的理解等。下面請(qǐng)結(jié)合mp3以及下方的原文和翻譯，開始今天的口語(yǔ)進(jìn)階練習(xí)吧！

原文及翻譯

The first working computers in the 1950s and 1960s were large mainframe machines. In some ways, they were like large calculating machines. The US government, the military, and businesses and institutions used them for specific tasks; for example, they might be used to handle the payroll. 

20 世紀(jì) 50 年代和 60 年代第一批投入使用的計(jì)算機(jī)是大型主機(jī)。在某些方面，它們就像大型計(jì)算機(jī)。美國(guó)政府、軍隊(duì)以及企業(yè)和機(jī)構(gòu)將它們用于特定任務(wù)；例如，它們可能用于處理工資單。

As more uses were found for computers, the need to transfer data from one computer to another became a concern. In 1969, the US government sponsored a program to explore ways for computers to transfer data over telephone lines. The first internet was created with four computers linked together. Of course, computer use increased beyond anyone's expectations. 

隨著計(jì)算機(jī)的用途越來越廣泛，將數(shù)據(jù)從一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)傳輸?shù)搅硪慌_(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的需求也開始受到關(guān)注。1969 年，美國(guó)政府資助了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，旨在探索計(jì)算機(jī)通過電話線傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的方式。第一個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是由四臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)連接在一起創(chuàng)建的。當(dāng)然，計(jì)算機(jī)的使用量超出了任何人的預(yù)期。

Standards were developed that described how data was to be transferred between computers. A common language for commands and communications emerged. Operating programs such as MS-DOS, Unix, Macintosh, and Windows came into existence. The internet quickly expanded beyond government and military uses. The PC became the standard form of computer, and private agencies acted as hosts for internet usage. 

開發(fā)了描述如何在計(jì)算機(jī)之間傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。出現(xiàn)了用于命令和通信的通用語(yǔ)言。MS-DOS、Unix、Macintosh 和 Windows 等操作程序應(yīng)運(yùn)而生?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)展到政府和軍事用途之外。個(gè)人電腦成為計(jì)算機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式，私人機(jī)構(gòu)充當(dāng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用的主機(jī)。

Around 1982, there were 200 and 13 hosts; by 1986, there were 2,300. Today, there are millions. The role of computers expanded so quickly that the USSR, which had discouraged computer use, found itself left behind by the USA. Part of the reason for the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 was that they had fallen too far behind the United States in high-tech areas to ever catch up. 

1982 年左右，有 200 臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦和 13 臺(tái)主機(jī)；到 1986 年，計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)量已達(dá) 2,300 臺(tái)。如今，計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)量已達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)臺(tái)。計(jì)算機(jī)的作用迅速擴(kuò)大，以至于不鼓勵(lì)使用計(jì)算機(jī)的蘇聯(lián)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被美國(guó)甩在了后面。蘇聯(lián)于 1989 年解體的部分原因是他們?cè)诟呖萍碱I(lǐng)域遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于美國(guó)，永遠(yuǎn)無法趕上。

One of the most popular uses of the computer is electronic mail or email. You can send a letter by computer over the internet to anywhere in the world in seconds—or less—and it doesn't cost anything extra. Now, data can be transferred great distances almost instantaneously.

計(jì)算機(jī)最流行的用途之一是電子郵件。您可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)（甚至更短的時(shí)間內(nèi)）通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將信件發(fā)送到世界任何地方，而且無需額外付費(fèi)。現(xiàn)在，數(shù)據(jù)幾乎可以即時(shí)傳輸?shù)胶苓h(yuǎn)的距離。

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