歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解2007年02

[00:00:05]2007年黑暗版歷年閱讀真題解析第二篇 [00:01.03]For the past several years, [00:02.64]the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” [00:08.18]People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, [00:12.32]who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; [00:17.90]that gave her an IQ of 228 — the highest score ever recorded. [00:23.65]IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, [00:28.32]to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, [00:31.80]and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. [00:36.14]So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries [00:40.68]from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. [00:45.25]What’s the difference between love and fondness? [00:46.33]Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? [00:49.35]It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects [00:53.36]and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions [00:56.81]that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. [01:02.15]Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. [01:07.26]Just what does it mean to be smart? [01:09.87]How much of intelligence can be specified, [01:12.78]and how much can we learn about it from neurology, [01:16.04]genetics, computer science and other fields? [01:19.51]The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, [01:25.39]even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. [01:29.69]The test comes primarily in two forms: [01:32.99]the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales [01:37.86](both come in adult and children’s version). [01:41.10]Generally costing several hundred dollars, [01:44.10]they are usually given only by psychologists, [01:47.18]although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. [01:52.80]Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, [01:56.70]because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, [02:03.50]rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. [02:10.62]Other standardized tests, [02:12.48]such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), [02:18.88]capture the main aspects of IQ tests. [02:22.46]Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed [02:29.11]in school and in life, [02:30.89]argues Robert J. Sternberg. [02:33.24]In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, [02:37.80]Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail [02:43.90]to measure creativity and practical knowledge, [02:48.13]components also critical to problem solving and life success. [02:53.15]Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations [02:59.25]or situations change. [03:01.36]Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests [03:06.87]were given under low-stress conditions, [03:09.60]but under high-stress conditions, [03:12.40]IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, [03:15.90]it predicted the opposite. [03:18.36]Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, [03:24.96]whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

00:00

00:00

MP3下載 文本下載