新編大學(xué)英語閱讀(浙大版)05

[00:00.00]Hackers,Crackers and Trackers [00:01.76]黑客、破壞者和追蹤者 [00:03.53]1 Coursing through arteries,replicating along the way,edging into new sites to wreak havoc, [00:07.13]這種病毒通過主干線，一路繁殖，漸漸擴(kuò)大范圍造成嚴(yán)重破壞， [00:10.73]the virus at first seemed like any other virus that eventually would be defeated by the host's defense mechanisms. [00:15.14]最初看起來似乎和別的病毒一樣，最初會(huì)被主機(jī)的防御系統(tǒng)消滅， [00:19.55]This,however,was a new,more powerful virus,and it would take advantage of the system's weaknesses, [00:23.49]實(shí)際上這是一種新的，更有殺傷力的病毒。能利用系統(tǒng)的弱點(diǎn)多次進(jìn)行感染。 [00:27.43]infecting and reinfecting as it traveled through the host. [00:29.93]當(dāng)它在主機(jī)內(nèi)活動(dòng)時(shí)，進(jìn)行傳染和再傳染 [00:32.44]2 The "Internet Worm",as the virus came to be know, [00:34.90]人們逐漸得知這種病毒名叫“因特爾網(wǎng)蟲”。 [00:37.37]worked its way into thousands of computers connected to the national information infrastructure. [00:40.88]這種病毒侵入了成千上萬臺(tái)與國家信息設(shè)施相連的電腦。 [00:44.39]Created by Cornell University student Robert Morris,it infected more than 6,000 systems, [00:48.33]科內(nèi)爾大學(xué)的學(xué)生羅伯特·莫里斯是這種病毒的創(chuàng)造者。它曾使6，000多個(gè)系統(tǒng)受到感染。 [00:52.27]jamming hard drives and erasing valuable information before being eliminated in November [00:55.96]使硬盤失靈，把所有的信息刪除掉，直到11月被消滅， [00:59.65]1988 by engineers at the University of California at Berkeley and at Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana. [01:05.29]直到1988年11月才被加利福尼亞大學(xué)伯克利分校和印第安納州西拉斐特的普度大學(xué)的工程師消滅。 [01:10.92]3 That was the first time the Internet and the destructive aims of certain computer experts made the national news. [01:14.83]就在那一次，因特網(wǎng)和某些電腦專家的破壞性企圖首次成為全國新聞。 [01:18.73]It wouldn't be the last. [01:20.14]但那次不會(huì)是最后一次。 [01:21.54]The Internet is just as susceptible to abuse as any other form of computer technology. [01:25.14]因特網(wǎng)和其他任何形式的電腦技術(shù)一樣容易被濫用。 [01:28.74]The only difference is that the malicious attack comes through telephone lines and across network connections. [01:32.74]唯一的區(qū)別是，這種病毒的攻擊是通過電話線和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的。 [01:36.73]Computer vandals can break into any system. [01:38.55]電腦破壞分子能闖入任何系統(tǒng)， [01:40.37]Whether it is transportation,finance or defense,no system is 100-percent safe.There will always be individuals who,for one reason or another,are eager to discover the weak spot in order to penetrate the system. [01:49.22]不管是交通、金融，還是防御系統(tǒng)，沒有哪個(gè)系統(tǒng)是百分之百安全的?？傆行┤藶榱烁鞣N各樣的原因迫切地想發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的薄弱點(diǎn)而侵入系統(tǒng)。 [01:58.08]4 Who are these individuals and what do they want? [01:59.84]這些人是誰，他們想干什么? [02:01.61]Generally,people who break into computer systems are called"hackers". [02:04.51]這些闖入電腦系統(tǒng)的人一般被稱為“黑客”。 [02:07.40]Irrespective of their aims, [02:08.63]無論他們的目的是什么， [02:09.85]they tend to inspire a certain admiration because they are extremely clever and infinitely more knowledgeable than the average computer user. [02:14.80]他們往往受人欽佩，因?yàn)樗麄儤O其聰明，比一般的電腦用戶知識(shí)淵博得多。 [02:19.75]Breaking into computer systems--whether it is on the Internet, [02:22.02]闖入電腦系統(tǒng)——無論是因特網(wǎng)， [02:24.29]in a bank or a government office--is an illegal activity. [02:26.75]銀行或是政府機(jī)關(guān)的系統(tǒng)——都是違法行為。 [02:29.22]However,"ordinary?"hackers [02:30.62]但是“普通”黑客 [02:32.03]who penetrate and explore systems just for the intellectual challenge are regarded as less dangerous than"crackers". [02:36.49]人們往往認(rèn)為那樣僅僅為了智力上的挑戰(zhàn)而侵入或探索系統(tǒng)的黑客不像“破壞者”那些危險(xiǎn)。 [02:40.96]The latter are people who break into systems in order to steal or to destroy information. [02:44.50]“破壞者”是為了竊取或毀壞信息而闖入系統(tǒng)的人。 [02:48.05]They also can remove money from accounts, [02:49.54]某些黑客還能從帳戶中提走錢， [02:51.04]as Russian "crackers"demonstrated when they stole $ 10 million from Citibank's cash-management system in 1994. [02:55.68]如俄羅斯的“破壞者”曾于1994年從美國花旗銀行的現(xiàn)金管理系統(tǒng)中偷竊了一千萬美元。 [03:00.32]In fact,some experts estimate that the U.S.economy loses between $2 and $4 billion annually to computer vandals. [03:05.65]事實(shí)上，一些專家估計(jì)，每年美國由于電腦破壞者所造成的損失達(dá)20億到40億美元。 [03:10.98]5 The increasing number of hackers and crackers has forced police departments to create computer crimes squads. [03:14.80]黑客和破壞者人數(shù)的增加迫使警方創(chuàng)建了電腦犯罪追蹤隊(duì)。 [03:18.61]These law enforcement experts who watch all these illegal activities are known as "trackers". [03:22.03]這種監(jiān)視此類非法行為的執(zhí)法專家們被稱為“追蹤者”。 [03:25.45]According to a member of the new Computer Crimes Squad in San Francisco, [03:28.08]據(jù)舊金山新成立的電腦犯罪追蹤隊(duì)的一成員說， [03:30.71]the FBI does not want to needlessly harass the harmless hacker, [03:33.12]聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不用去約束無危害性的黑客， [03:35.53]but it has a duty to catch the bad ones. [03:37.39]但它有責(zé)任抓住有危害性的黑客。 [03:39.24]No society that depends heavily on computer systems can afford to ignore either the potential dangers of hacking [03:43.18]任何一個(gè)非常依賴于電腦系統(tǒng)的社會(huì)都不會(huì)忽視黑客的潛在危險(xiǎn) [03:47.12]or the moral issues that hacking has raised. [03:48.89]或由此帶來的道德問題。 [03:50.65]6 Do hackers regard themselves as criminals? [03:52.33]黑客們認(rèn)為自己是罪犯嗎? [03:54.00]Probably not. [03:55.04]或許他們不那么想， [03:56.09]But they do make a distinction between "good"and "bad"hacking. [03:58.46]但他們的確將黑客行為劃分為“善意的”和“惡意的”。 [04:00.84]Take,for example,the case of Ian,a 16-year-old hacker. [04:03.52]比如說16歲的黑客伊恩。 [04:06.20]He admits quite proudly that he knows how to defeat the registration process to get into systems which he enjoys doing just for the fun of it. [04:10.81]他很驕傲地承認(rèn)他知道如何破譯登錄程序而進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)。他喜歡這樣做僅僅是為了好玩。 [04:15.42]Nevertheless, [04:16.14]不過， [04:16.86]he prefers breaking into software programs rather than systems because there is less chance of being prosecuted. [04:20.46]他更愿意闖入軟件程序而不是系統(tǒng)，這樣不太可能被起訴。 [04:24.06]Ian never hacks for profit although he knows some who do work do money and even just for the fun of causing someone else headaches. [04:28.43]伊恩做這些從來都不為賺錢，盡管他認(rèn)為一些確實(shí)是以賺錢為目的的，甚至以給別人制造麻煩為樂的黑客， [04:32.81]Like many members of the hacker community, [04:34.30]與黑客團(tuán)體的許多成員一樣， [04:35.80]he does not feel morally obliged to turn "bad"hackers over to the authorities. [04:38.42]他并不認(rèn)為在道義上他有義務(wù)將“惡意的”黑客們交給當(dāng)局去處理。 [04:41.05]7 Jeff,a 27-year-old hacker,has different point of view. [04:43.55]27歲的黑客杰夫則持另一種觀點(diǎn)。 [04:46.06]He feels,on the contrary,that hackers do have the moral responsibility to report"crackers". [04:49.57]他認(rèn)為黑客有義務(wù)去告發(fā)“破壞者”。 [04:53.08]He admits that he stopped being a "bad"hacker because he didn't want to go to jail. [04:55.94]他承認(rèn)，由于不想坐牢他不再想當(dāng)“惡意的”黑客了。 [04:58.80]He now works for a computer security company. [05:00.80]現(xiàn)在，他正在一家電腦安全公司供職。 [05:02.80]In other words, [05:03.61]也就是說， [05:04.42]he sells his skills as a hacker to a company that repairs flaws in systems to prevent break-ins by hackers of all kinds. [05:09.01]他把自己的黑客技術(shù)賣給從事修補(bǔ)系統(tǒng)缺陷公司以防止各處黑客入侵。 [05:13.60]However,in his spare time Jeff still continues his activities as a hacker because he considers it a way to expand his knowledge. [05:18.64]不過，工作之余，他仍繼續(xù)黑客活動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這是一種擴(kuò)展知識(shí)的途徑。 [05:23.68]8 Jeff's situation raises an interesting debate among computer and information executives, [05:26.86]杰夫的這種情況從事電腦和信息的經(jīng)理之間引起了一場(chǎng)有趣的辯論， [05:30.05]both in government and private enterprise:What can you do with a hacker or what can a hacker do for you? [05:34.28]在政府及私營企業(yè)中你能拿黑客怎么辦?黑客又能為你做點(diǎn)什么? [05:38.51]It seems obvious that a person capable of breaking into a system would also be capable of helping repair the flaws in a system. [05:42.68]顯然，一個(gè)能闖入系統(tǒng)的人也能幫助修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的缺陷。 [05:46.86]But should hackers be allowed to continue penetrating systems after they have been hired by the computer industry? [05:50.28]不過，當(dāng)黑客被電腦產(chǎn)業(yè)雇傭后是還能被允許繼續(xù)去入侵系統(tǒng)呢? [05:53.70]Hacking is,after all,an illegal activity. [05:55.70]畢竟，黑客行為是一種違法行為。 [05:57.70]9 Because computer vandals can cause real damage, [05:59.60]由于電腦破壞分子會(huì)造成很大的損失， [06:01.51]Congress is taking a serious look at the security of computer systems and ways to deter intrusions by both"good"and"bad"hackers. [06:06.34]國會(huì)正在考慮采取措施，來保證電腦系統(tǒng)的安全和阻止“善意”“惡意”的黑客入侵， [06:11.16]Many public officials consider the issue of hacking one of the most important issues that government, [06:14.15]許多政府官員認(rèn)為黑客問題是現(xiàn)今政府面臨的最重要的問題之一。 [06:17.14]and society as a whole,face today. [06:19.08]當(dāng)今整個(gè)社會(huì)所面臨的問題 [06:21.02]However,progress has been slow because many intrusions go unreported by private and public sector organizations for fear of publicity. [06:26.24]然而，由于私人和政府部門掌管的企業(yè)害怕被人知道，有許多部門不愿意報(bào)告系統(tǒng)被侵事件，因此這一方面的進(jìn)展一直很緩慢。 [06:31.46]When a break-in occurs, [06:32.42]發(fā)生系統(tǒng)被侵時(shí)， [06:33.37]companies and governmental departments are extremely reluctant to admit that their files have been stolen, [06:36.83]公司和政府部門都很不愿意承認(rèn)他們的檔案被偷竊， [06:40.28]damaged or destroyed. [06:41.47]被破壞或是被毀壞。 [06:42.66]By admitting their vulnerability,they would undermine the confidence of the public. [06:45.43]如果承認(rèn)自己不堪一擊，勢(shì)必會(huì)削弱公眾對(duì)他們的信任。 [06:48.20]10 Despite the potential danger of hackers, [06:49.70]盡管存在著黑客們的潛在威脅， [06:51.19]most computer security experts feel that people should not be afraid to use the Internet. [06:53.91]大多數(shù)電腦安全專家認(rèn)為人們不應(yīng)該因此而害怕因特網(wǎng)。 [06:56.63]It is a technology that,when used properly,can yield untold benefits. [06:59.67]如果使用得當(dāng)。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)能帶來無限收益。 [07:02.71]The Internet allows scientists to share data, [07:04.57]因特網(wǎng)使科學(xué)家能夠共享數(shù)據(jù)。 [07:06.42]it helps students research history,and it allows journalists to report the news. [07:09.41]有助于學(xué)生研究歷史，方便記者們報(bào)道新聞。 [07:12.40]11 In the final analysis,America needs the Internet and the hackers that come with it. [07:15.62]總之，美國需要因特網(wǎng)，也需要隨之而出現(xiàn)的黑客們。 [07:18.84]If no one exposes the vulnerabilities, [07:20.24]如果沒有人揭露網(wǎng)絡(luò)的弱點(diǎn)， [07:21.65]they never get solved. [07:22.60]這些弱點(diǎn)就永遠(yuǎn)得不到克服。 [07:23.56]So at least in one way hackers,the non-malicious ones,help us. [07:26.60]所以，黑客們，至少那些無惡意的黑客們?cè)谀撤N程度上幫了我們一個(gè)忙。 [07:29.64]New Words [07:30.45]單詞 [07:31.26]artery n [07:32.36]1)干線，要道 2)動(dòng)脈 [07:33.46]Congress n [07:34.45]美國國會(huì) [07:35.44]debate n [07:36.21]辯論，討論 [07:36.98]deter v [07:37.79]阻止，制止，防止 [07:38.60]enforcement n [07:39.79]實(shí)施，執(zhí)行 [07:40.98]hack v [07:41.88]私自存取他人計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的資料 [07:42.78]havoc n [07:43.73]混亂，大破壞 [07:44.69]infinitely adv [07:45.64]遠(yuǎn)，甚 [07:46.60]infrastructure n [07:47.82]基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 [07:49.04]irrespective adj [07:50.23]不考慮的，不顧及的 [07:51.42]malicious adj [07:52.55]惡意的 [07:53.69]non-malicious adj [07:54.91]無惡意的 [07:56.14]prosecute v [07:57.22]對(duì)……提出公訴，告發(fā)，檢舉 [07:58.30]registration n [07:59.70]登記，注冊(cè) [08:01.10]reinfect v [08:02.24]再傳染 [08:03.37]replicate v [08:04.51]復(fù)制，自我復(fù)制 [08:05.64]software n [08:06.59]軟件 [08:07.55]tracker n [08:08.50]追蹤者 [08:09.46]untold adj [08:10.32]無數(shù)的，巨大的 [08:11.18]user n [08:12.08]使用者，用戶 [08:12.98]vandal n [08:14.12]故意破壞他人或公共財(cái)產(chǎn)者 [08:15.25]wreak v [08:16.44]造成(破壞等) [08:17.63]Microchips [08:18.53]微芯片 [08:19.43]1 No invention in history has so quickly spread throughout the world or so deeply touched so many parts of human existence as the microchip. [08:24.79]歷史上沒有任何其他的發(fā)明像微芯片一樣傳播得如此之快，對(duì)人類生活的方方面面有如此深的影響。 [08:30.16]Today there are nearly 15 billion microchips of some kind in use. [08:32.93]現(xiàn)在，大約有15億各式微芯片被投入使用。 [08:35.70]In the face of that fact who can doubt that the microchip is not only changing the products we use, [08:39.39]面對(duì)這一事實(shí)，誰都不會(huì)懷疑微芯片不僅正改變了我們使用的產(chǎn)品， [08:43.08]but also the way we live. [08:44.45]而且正改變我們的生活方式。 [08:45.82]Will it finally change the way we view reality? [08:47.72]它會(huì)最終改變我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活嗎? [08:49.63]2 If we were to take away the microchip for every application in which it is now used, [08:52.35]如果我們將它從這些方方面面抽掉的話， [08:55.07]we would be both stunned and frightened by the loss. [08:56.92]我們會(huì)感到即吃驚又害怕。 [08:58.78]The modern kitchen would become nearly useless, [09:00.36]現(xiàn)代化廚房將變得毫無用處。 [09:01.94]since the microwave, [09:02.66]微波爐， [09:03.38]the dishwasher, [09:04.16]洗碗機(jī)， [09:04.93]and most other appliances would become unworkable. [09:07.11]及大多數(shù)其他設(shè)備都將無法工作。 [09:09.29]The television and VCR would fade to black, [09:11.11]電視機(jī)、錄像機(jī)將開不了， [09:12.92]the stereo would become quiet, [09:14.11]收錄機(jī)將發(fā)不出聲， [09:15.30]and most of the clocks would stop. [09:16.67]大多數(shù)鐘表將停止工作。 [09:18.04]The car wouldn't start. [09:19.26]汽車將無法發(fā)動(dòng)， [09:20.48]Airplanes would be unable to leave the ground. [09:22.16]飛機(jī)將無法飛行。 [09:23.83]The phone system would go dead, [09:24.97]電話系統(tǒng)將陷入癱瘓， [09:26.10]as would most streetlights, [09:27.23]路燈 [09:28.37]thermostats, [09:29.05]恒溫器 [09:29.74]and,of course, [09:30.69]當(dāng)然還有 [09:31.64]a half-billion computers. [09:32.92]50萬臺(tái)電腦 [09:34.20]And these are only a few of the most obvious applications. [09:36.38]而這些只是一少部分顯而易見的應(yīng)用。 [09:38.56]Every factory in the industrial world would also shut down, [09:40.68]世界上所有工業(yè)性的工廠都會(huì)關(guān)門大吉， [09:42.80]as would the electrical grid, [09:44.03]像電網(wǎng) [09:45.25]stock exchanges,and the global banking system. [09:47.48]證券交易所和環(huán)球系統(tǒng) [09:49.72]Pacemakers would stop too, [09:50.99]醫(yī)院里的起博器也會(huì)停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)， [09:52.27]as would surgical equipment and various monitoring machines used in hospitals. [09:55.04]在醫(yī)院里使用的外科手術(shù)設(shè)備和各種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)， [09:57.82]All because of the loss of a tiny square of silicon the size of a fingernail, [10:00.68]由于沒有了一塊指甲大小的，方型硅片， [10:03.54]Weighing less than a postage stamp. [10:05.27]不足一枚郵票重。 [10:07.00]3 The modern microchip contains as many as 20 million transistors, [10:09.46]一個(gè)現(xiàn)代微芯片有20，000，000個(gè)晶體管， [10:11.93]and each finished chip is the product of processes more complicated than those used in building the atomic bomb. [10:16.25]而每個(gè)芯片成品的制造過程都比建造一個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆還要復(fù)雜。 [10:20.57]Yet despite an extraordinarily sophisticated manufacturing process, [10:23.20]雖然制造過程極其復(fù)雜。 [10:25.82]microchips are mass-produced at the rate of more than a billion a year. [10:28.51]微芯片的年產(chǎn)量仍然超過了1億塊。 [10:31.19]To put this complexity in perspective, [10:32.74]為了更好地理解芯片的復(fù)雜性， [10:34.28]imagine that within each tiny microchip there exists a structure as complex as a mid-size city, [10:38.32]我們可以假設(shè)每一小芯片就是一個(gè)中等城市， [10:42.35]including all of its power lines,phone lines, [10:43.81]其中電線，電話線， [10:45.26]sewer lines,buildings,streets,and homes. [10:48.07]下水管道，房屋，街道，居民區(qū)一應(yīng)俱全。 [10:50.88]Now imagine that throughout that same city, [10:52.70]設(shè)想一下，在這個(gè)城市里， [10:54.52]millions of people are racing around at the speed of light and with perfect timing in an intricately planned dance. [10:58.75]數(shù)以百萬的人們以光速四處奔跑，并以恰當(dāng)?shù)念l率跳著復(fù)雜的舞蹈。 [11:02.98]That is just one chip. [11:04.38]而這僅僅只是一塊芯片。 [11:05.78]4 Of all the stunning statistics used to describe the world of the microchip, [11:08.38]許多讓人驚異的數(shù)據(jù)都被用來描繪微芯片的世界， [11:10.97]none is more extraordinary number, [11:12.70]而以下這組數(shù)據(jù)是最有代表性的： [11:14.42]the total number of transistors packed onto all of the microchips produced in the world this year(1998) [11:19.01]今年(1998年)，全世界被裝入所有微芯片的所有晶體管的數(shù)量， [11:23.60]is equivalent to the number of raindrops that fell in the state of California during that period. [11:26.97]等于這一年降在加利福利亞州雨水的雨滴數(shù)。 [11:30.34]Faced with such astounding numbers, [11:31.79]面對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)， [11:33.25]it becomes even more difficult to ask what it all means for us and for the generations to come. [11:36.62]微芯片使我們更難提出這樣一個(gè)問題：“對(duì)我們以及子孫后代來說，微芯片到底意味著什么?” [11:39.98]5 What is remarkable,and perhaps a little frightening,is that by all indications, [11:42.85]神奇的是，也許有點(diǎn)讓人覺得可怕的是，大量事實(shí)表明， [11:45.71]we are only halfway through the story of the microchip. [11:47.74]微芯片還在發(fā)展當(dāng)中。 [11:49.78]It is not far-fetched to suggest that it will take another century of humankind to realize all of the implications of this revolution. [11:54.82]可以毫不牽強(qiáng)地說，這場(chǎng)革命的所有潛能還需要下一世紀(jì)一代人的努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。 [11:59.86]Thus,all the miracles we see around us today resulting from the microchip [12:02.90]因此，如今我們看到的周圍由微芯片 [12:05.94]may be but a tiny fraction of all the wonders that will derive from this device well into the next century. [12:09.85]帶來的奇跡也許只是下世紀(jì)微芯片所能帶來的奇跡的一小部分。 [12:13.75]6 It is not merely an invention,but a meta-invention,which enables us to create yet other inventions. [12:17.78]微芯片不僅僅是一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，而更是一項(xiàng)中介發(fā)明，能讓我們創(chuàng)造出其他東西。 [12:21.82]Thousands of new devices and products have been made possible by the existence of the microchip and by the embedded intelligence it offers. [12:27.18]由于有了微芯片提供的智能，我們又發(fā)明了成百上千的新設(shè)備和新產(chǎn)品。 [12:32.54]7 Packed in a microprocessor,the microchip is not only giving us power over our own lives, [12:35.77]裝在微處理器里的微芯片不僅使我們擁有了超越自身的力量， [12:38.99]it is also the greatest instrument for accessing information ever invented. [12:41.94]而且也是有史以來最偉大的獲取信息的工具。 [12:44.89]It is allowing us to reach out from our desks, [12:46.62]它使我們能擺脫了書桌的束縛， [12:48.35]to grasp and share knowledge that was beyond the reach of the wealthiest man in the world just a century ago. [12:52.20]去獲取上個(gè)世紀(jì)連世界上最富有的人也無法獲取的知識(shí)， [12:56.05]It is freeing us to work at home,wherever we choose our home to be. [12:58.64]不管我們的家在何處，它都能解放我們，使我們可以在家辦公。 [13:01.24]8 By the middle of the next century, [13:02.46]到下世紀(jì)中葉， [13:03.68]the typical microprocessor may have more computing power than today's fastest supercomputers. [13:07.19]一臺(tái)典型的微處理器的計(jì)算能力也許比現(xiàn)在最快的超型計(jì)算機(jī)還要強(qiáng)。 [13:10.70]It will talk,and more important,it will listen. [13:12.70]它將會(huì)說話。更重要的是，它將能聽人說話， [13:14.70]The relationship we have with it will change in almost unimaginable ways. [13:17.17]人類與微處理器的關(guān)系將發(fā)生不可思議的變化。 [13:19.63]Yesterday,the microprocessor was a tool. [13:21.40]昨天，微處理器僅僅是個(gè)工具， [13:23.16]Today,it is a partner and who knows what role it will play in our lives in the years to come? [13:26.35]現(xiàn)在，它是我們的伙伴;而誰又知道它將在我們以后的生活中扮演什么樣角色呢? [13:29.53]Just a few years ago who would have thought that in Shanghai,China, [13:32.03]就在幾年前，誰會(huì)想到在中國上海， [13:34.54]customers of the New World Department Store could try on clothes without undressing? [13:37.72]新世界百貨公司能幫到試衣不脫衣服呢? [13:40.91]A video camera takes a customer's picture,the image is digitized, [13:43.46]一架攝像機(jī)照下顧客的照片。顧客的形像被數(shù)字化。 [13:46.02]and changes of outfits or colors are as simple as point and click. [13:48.79]只需按一下鼠標(biāo)就可以改變服裝的樣式和顏色。 [13:51.56]In Baltimore,Maryland, [13:52.70]在馬里蘭洲的巴爾的摩 [13:53.83]prospective astronauts simulate weightlessness by floating in water at the University of Maryland's Space Systems Lab pool. [13:58.69]馬里蘭太空系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)池里，可能成為宇宙員的人們只需漂浮在水中，就可以體驗(yàn)到失重的效果。 [14:03.55]Buddhist monks in Thailand also have found important uses for computers. [14:06.59]泰國的和尚們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了電腦的妙處。 [14:09.64]They use them to perform traditional tasks as well as to study the teachings of Buddha. [14:12.82]他們利用電腦來做一些傳統(tǒng)工作和學(xué)習(xí)教義。 [14:16.01]9 For hundreds of years,humankind has searched for the philosophers' stone, [14:18.60]幾百年來，人類一直在尋找煉金石。 [14:21.19]the magical object that turns ordinary metal into gold. [14:23.57]一種神奇的，能將普通金屬變成金子的東西， [14:25.94]Who would have thought it would turn out to be a little sliver of crystal with eaching on its surface? [14:29.08]可誰又想得到，“煉金石”原來是一小塊表面刻過的小晶薄片呢? [14:32.21]The microchip,in the time of a single generation, [14:34.12]微芯片在短短一代人的時(shí)間里， [14:36.02]had developed from a clever technical novelty [14:37.88]已從一種聰明的科技新事物演變 [14:39.73]to a tireless,almost invisible partner of humanity. [14:42.00]成為人類的，不知疲倦的，不見其形的伴侶。 [14:44.27]Today there is no place on,above,or below the Earth that it has not reached. [14:47.90]現(xiàn)在，無論是在地上，天上，還是在地下，微芯片的觸角已無處不在。 [14:51.54]New Words [14:52.44]單詞 [14:53.34]appliance n [14:54.71]器械，裝置 [14:56.08]astounding adj [14:57.26]令人震驚的，使人驚駭?shù)? [14:58.45]banking n [14:59.44]銀行業(yè) [15:00.43]Buddhist adj [15:01.42]佛教的 [15:02.41]compute v [15:03.37](用計(jì)算機(jī)或計(jì)數(shù)器)計(jì)算，估算 [15:04.32]crystal n [15:05.22]晶體 [15:06.12]digitize v [15:07.25]數(shù)字化 [15:08.39]dishwasher n [15:09.58]洗碟機(jī) [15:10.76]etching n [15:11.81]蝕刻 [15:12.85]far-fetched adj [15:14.13]夸張的，不可信的 [15:15.41]global adj [15:16.22]全球性的，全世界的 [15:17.03]grid n [15:17.89]輸電網(wǎng) [15:18.76]halfway adj [15:20.03]中途的 [15:21.31]invisible adj [15:22.39]看不見的 [15:23.47]meta- prefix [15:24.43]超越，超出 [15:25.38]microchip n [15:26.57]微芯片 [15:27.76]microprocessor n [15:29.16]微處理機(jī) [15:30.56]microwave n [15:31.70]微波爐 [15:32.83]monk n [15:33.61]修士，僧侶 [15:34.38]outfit n [15:35.19](尤指在特殊場(chǎng)合穿的)全套服裝 [15:36.00]pacemaker n [15:36.95](心臟)起搏器 [15:37.91]postage n [15:39.04]郵費(fèi)，郵資 [15:40.18]raindrop n [15:41.45]雨點(diǎn) [15:42.73]sewer n [15:43.63]下水道，污水管 [15:44.53]simulate v [15:45.52]模擬 [15:46.51]sliver n [15:47.50]一小片 [15:48.49]streetlight n [15:49.54]路燈，街燈 [15:50.58]stunning adj [15:51.66]令人驚奇的，令人震驚的 [15:52.74]supercomputer n [15:54.02]巨型計(jì)算機(jī)，超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī) [15:55.30]surgical adj [15:56.38]外科的，外科手術(shù)的 [15:57.46]teachings n [15:58.64]學(xué)說，主義，教義 [15:59.83]transistor n [16:00.97]晶體管 [16:02.10]undress v [16:03.18]脫去衣服 [16:04.26]unimaginable adj [16:05.39]不可想像的，想不到的 [16:06.53]unworkable adj [16:07.43]不能使用(或操縱、操作、動(dòng)作)的 [16:08.33]Workplace of the 90's:High-Tech Sweatshop? [16:10.83]90年代的工作場(chǎng)所：高科技血汗工廠? [16:13.33]1 Last month,in my position as a customer service representative for a large telecommunications company, [16:16.97]上個(gè)月，在我擔(dān)任一家大電信公司的客戶服務(wù)代表期間， [16:20.60]I received 862 calls from customers(but I should have taken 900), [16:24.11]我接了862個(gè)客戶電話(而我應(yīng)該接900個(gè)電話)。 [16:27.62]my average"talk time"on those calls was 394 seconds(though it should have been only 300 seconds), [16:32.09]接電話時(shí)我平均的“講話時(shí)間”為394秒(雖然我應(yīng)該只講300秒)。 [16:36.55]and I was "idle"6.7 percent of the time. [16:38.82]6.7%的時(shí)間我無事可干。 [16:41.09]I know this because like millions of workers in a variety professions, [16:43.68]我知道這些數(shù)據(jù)，是因?yàn)楹推渌麛?shù)以百萬計(jì)以從事種種職業(yè)的工人們一樣， [16:46.27]my actions on the job are continuously tracked by a computerized monitoring system. [16:49.73]我工作時(shí)的一舉一動(dòng)都被一個(gè)電腦監(jiān)視器記錄了下來。 [16:53.18]2 Over the last decade,computerized monitoring has become a pervasive, [16:55.09]在過去的十幾年里，電腦監(jiān)視器已經(jīng)廣泛地， [16:57.00]intrusive,and often invisible presence in the workplace. [17:00.55]通常是無形地侵入了工作場(chǎng)所。 [17:04.09]According to the Office of Technology Assessment, [17:05.91]科技評(píng)估辦公室的調(diào)查顯示， [17:07.73]six million Americanworkers were being monitored daily in the performance of their jobs in 1986, [17:11.67]1986年，六百萬美國工人每天的工作受到監(jiān)視， [17:15.61]and that figure jumped to more than eight million by 1990. [17:18.11]到1990年，剛升至六百萬人。 [17:20.62]A study found monitoring systems in 98 percent of the clerical and customer service divisions of such industries as banking, [17:25.57]另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，98%的監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)安裝在從事辦公室工作和客戶服務(wù)業(yè)的工作地點(diǎn)。如銀行業(yè)， [17:30.52]insurance,airline reservations,telemarketing,and telecommunications. [17:33.85]保險(xiǎn)業(yè)、飛機(jī)預(yù)訂、電子營銷業(yè)、電信業(yè)。 [17:37.18]3 Three general categories of information are usually collected by monitoring systems: [17:40.60]監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)主要收集以下三類信息; [17:44.02](1)job performance characteristics,such as the number of keystrokes entered, [17:47.83](1)工作特點(diǎn)：如敲擊鍵盤的次數(shù)。 [17:51.65](2)job behaviors,like the amount of time between calls,and(3)service performance, [17:56.47](2)工作行為：如每次電話之間的間隔。(3)服務(wù)行為： [18:01.30]in which an employer actually listens in on employee phone calls. [18:03.56]雇主在雇員的服務(wù)行為中偷聽雇員電話。 [18:05.83]4 Managers defend and promote the use of monitoring technology, [18:08.55]經(jīng)理們支持并倡導(dǎo)使用監(jiān)視技術(shù)， [18:11.27]claiming that computers provide objective measures of performance and increase productivity. [18:14.87]并認(rèn)為電腦能提供客觀的衡量工作業(yè)績(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并能增加產(chǎn)量。 [18:18.47]With regard to performance evaluation, [18:20.05]用數(shù)據(jù)來衡量工作業(yè)績(jī)， [18:21.64]the data provided are certainly objective; [18:23.56]當(dāng)然顯得比較客觀。 [18:25.49]however,quantifiable measures-the length of a call as measured in seconds, [18:28.57]然而數(shù)量化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——如用秒來衡量電話所用的時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短， [18:31.64]the number of calls taken--are not indicative of the quality of performance. [18:35.01]收集打電話的次數(shù)——并不能說明工作質(zhì)量的高低。 [18:38.38]Further-more, [18:39.24]而且， [18:40.10]research does not support management's contentions of increased productivity from the use of surveillance technology. [18:44.14]研究也表明，管理層關(guān)于監(jiān)視技術(shù)能增加產(chǎn)量的論點(diǎn)并不成立。 [18:48.17]Studies reported over the last five years have failed to prove that even the most well-managed systems increase productivity. [18:53.21]即使是管理得最好的監(jiān)視，過去五年的研究也無法證明它能提高產(chǎn)量。 [18:58.25]5 Despite this lack of evidence,the use of monitoring systems is increasing rapidly. [19:01.61]雖然證據(jù)不足，但監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用仍然快速遞增。 [19:04.98]The Gartner Group,a data analysis firm, [19:06.71]一家名為加特納的數(shù)據(jù)研究公司， [19:08.44]estimates that sales of computerized spying equipment topped $175 million last year. [19:12.85]估計(jì)去年，電腦監(jiān)視設(shè)備的營業(yè)額高達(dá)175,000,000美元， [19:17.26]That figure is projected over the next five years to soar to more than a quarter of a billion dollars. [19:21.58]而且今后五年將攀升到2,000,000,000美元。 [19:25.90]6 With the increasing popularity of monitoring technology there have, [19:28.40]隨著監(jiān)視技術(shù)的日益普及， [19:30.90]unfortunately,come abuses to both workers and customers. [19:33.53]不幸的是，來自工人和顧客的責(zé)難聲卻此起彼浮。 [19:36.16]Evidence indicates that computerized monitoring can be detrimental to employees. [19:39.38]事實(shí)證明，電腦監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)對(duì)雇員是有害的。 [19:42.60]A 1990 study conducted at the University of Wisconsin found significantly higher rates [19:46.25]一項(xiàng)1990年在威斯坎辛做的調(diào)查顯示， [19:49.91]of stress-related illness among monitored workers than among those who were not monitored. [19:52.99]受監(jiān)視的工人比不受監(jiān)視的工人更容易得與壓力有關(guān)的疾病。 [19:56.06]When surveyed,employees of AT &T,TWA,Bell Canada , [19:59.29]在調(diào)查過程中，A&T環(huán)球航空公司，加拿大貝爾公司， [20:02.51]and Federal Express identified computerized monitoring or surveillance as the chief source of stress in the workplace. [20:07.19]聯(lián)邦快速公司的職員們也證實(shí)，電腦監(jiān)視器是在工作地點(diǎn)引起壓力的主要來源。 [20:11.87]7 As a person who works in a monitored environment, [20:13.72]我個(gè)人就在一個(gè)受到監(jiān)視的環(huán)境里工作， [20:15.58]I certainly know the stress of feeling tied to a computer; [20:17.57]因此我當(dāng)然知道電腦帶來的壓力感。 [20:19.57]seemingly,my every action is observed and recorded by unseen eyes. [20:22.56]我的一舉一動(dòng)都似乎受到無形眼睛的監(jiān)視。 [20:25.55]It is no wonder that the term "electronic sweatshop"is used to describe such conditions, [20:29.24]難怪，人們用“血汗工廠”來形容， [20:32.93]where information and customers are processed in an assembly line fashion. [20:35.48]這種信息與客戶被以流水線的方式被處理掉的工作條件。 [20:38.04]8 But the stressful working conditions are not the only problem created by monitoring technology, [20:40.99]然而，監(jiān)視技術(shù)不僅帶來了充滿壓力的工作環(huán)境， [20:43.94]the customers of the businesses employing such devices can also experience negative effects. [20:47.49]而且也給客戶帶來了負(fù)面影響。 [20:51.04]What happens then the needs of customers conflict with the desire of workers to meet productivity standards set by computers? [20:55.63]工人必須達(dá)到電腦設(shè)置的產(chǎn)量要求，而當(dāng)這一要求與客戶的需求相抵觸時(shí)，又會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況呢? [21:00.22]This question was answered in part by a disturbing circumstance at Bell Canada. [21:03.02]在加拿大貝爾公司煩人的環(huán)境里，我們可以找到部分答案。 [21:05.83]A sophisticated monitoring system was installed to record information about everyone from managers to operators. [21:09.86]這里安裝了一種復(fù)雜的監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)，可記錄下每個(gè)人，包括從經(jīng)理到操作員的一言一行。 [21:13.90]The monitoring system continuously collected information about the operators as they worked; [21:16.88]當(dāng)操作員工作時(shí)，監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)不停地收集信息， [21:19.87]the length of calls, [21:20.74]電話時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短， [21:21.60]the number of calls taken,and the number of seconds between calls were tracked. [21:24.16]電話的次數(shù)，每次電話之間相隔的秒數(shù)。 [21:26.71]Operators felt so pressured by the computerized presence of the monitoring system that when they were having trouble finding a number, [21:31.39]操作員們對(duì)電視監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)的存在感到壓力如此之大，以致于當(dāng)他們找不到一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)， [21:36.07]they began giving incorrect information in order to get the customer off the phone so they could receive the next call. [21:39.89]他們就提供給客戶錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)據(jù)，好讓客戶們掛斷，以便能接下一個(gè)電話。 [21:43.70]Certainly,that is not customer service and it is not productive. [21:47.03]很明顯，這種做法不是在為客戶服務(wù)，也沒有增產(chǎn)。 [21:50.36]Bell Canada was forced to change its practices. [21:52.31]貝爾公司后來不得不改變了這一做法。 [21:54.25]9 Federal Express,a company internationally know for excellent service to its customers, [21:57.33]素以優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)而享譽(yù)全球的聯(lián)邦快遞公司， [22:00.41]also abandoned individual monitoring of workers in response to service representatives' complaints of stress. [22:04.13]也取消了對(duì)工人的監(jiān)視，原因是因?yàn)楣と吮г箟毫Υ螅? [22:07.86]and the deterioration of customer satisfaction rating. [22:09.98]客戶不滿意程度俱增。 [22:12.11]In a personal interview I conducted with Mr Macpherson, [22:13.84]我曾對(duì)麥克弗森先生作過私人專訪。 [22:15.56]founder of Incoming Calls Management Institute, [22:17.42]來電管理院的創(chuàng)始人 [22:19.27]he stated that mismanagement of technology in the workplace shifts employee focus from quality to quantity. [22:23.74]他指出，在工作場(chǎng)所錯(cuò)誤地使用科技，會(huì)使職員的注意力集中到數(shù)量上，而不是質(zhì)量上。 [22:28.20]What emerges is a picture of an environment where the emphasis is on managing the technology as it spies on people doing their jobs, [22:32.43]這就勾畫了這樣一個(gè)工作環(huán)境，在該環(huán)境中，如何使用科技監(jiān)視員工的工作。 [22:36.66]rather than promoting quality service to customers and providing a fair workplace. [22:39.34]不再是如何促進(jìn)對(duì)顧客的優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)或提供公正誠實(shí)的工作場(chǎng)所。 [22:42.02]10 Evidence does not support a correlation between computerized monitoring and greater productivity; [22:45.10]事實(shí)并不能證明電腦監(jiān)視與高產(chǎn)量有什么必然的聯(lián)系; [22:48.18]on the contrary,it is detrimental to workers and impedes quality service. [22:51.37]相反事實(shí)卻證明電視監(jiān)視無益于工人，也有礙于服務(wù)質(zhì)量的提高。 [22:54.55]Therefore I contend that national legislation and individual action are required to ensure the ethical use of such technology. [22:59.41]因此，我堅(jiān)決主張國家立法和個(gè)人行為都行動(dòng)起來，以確保這種科技能在合乎倫理道德的范圍內(nèi)得到運(yùn)用。 [23:04.27]11 Our role in stemming the tide of monitoring technology is three-fold:As voters, [23:07.55]我們?cè)诙糁票O(jiān)視系統(tǒng)的斗爭(zhēng)中扮演著三種角色：投票人、 [23:10.82]as employees,and as consumers we must act. [23:12.82]雇員和消費(fèi)者。 [23:14.82]First,as voters,we must support national legislation regulating monitoring. [23:18.60]首先，作為投票人，我們必須擁護(hù)國家有關(guān)規(guī)范監(jiān)視行為的立法。 [23:22.38]Secondly,as employees, [23:23.69]第二，作為雇員， [23:25.01]we must ask the questions:What technology is being used in my workplace to record my activities? [23:29.00]我們要提下列問題：在我們的工作場(chǎng)所，有什么科技記錄下我們的活動(dòng)? [23:33.00]What data is being collected about me and how is it being used? [23:35.38]它收集了有關(guān)我的哪些數(shù)據(jù)?這些數(shù)據(jù)有何用處? [23:37.75]Finally,as consumers, [23:39.12]最后，作為消費(fèi)者， [23:40.49]we must make business accountable for the level of service for which we pay. [23:43.62]我們必須讓商家保證我們出錢應(yīng)享受的高水平服務(wù)。 [23:46.75]12 If we do not purposefully exercise our rights as voters,employees,and consumers, [23:50.08]如果我們不履行我們作為投票人，雇員和消費(fèi)者的權(quán)利， [23:53.41]we will increasingly work under the watchful eyes of surveillance technology. [23:56.00]那么監(jiān)視技術(shù)將逐漸地、更深地侵入我們的工作環(huán)境。 [23:58.60]By not acting,we perpetuate a world where an employer may legally eavesdrop on our phone calls to businesses, [24:02.68]如果我們不行動(dòng)，那么雇主將偷聽我們打給商家的電話，他行為將永遠(yuǎn)是合法的。 [24:06.77]clients,and friends. [24:08.05]顧客和朋友 [24:09.32]And when you call your phone company,you may just speak to me; [24:11.65]當(dāng)你在電話給電話公司時(shí)，你可以直接打給我。 [24:13.97]and,of course,my employer may secretly be on that call with us. [24:16.15]當(dāng)然了，我的老板肯定在偷聽我們的談話。 [24:18.32]While you're expressing your concern,question,or complaint, [24:20.41]當(dāng)你在談到你的憂慮，問題，或在埋怨時(shí)， [24:22.50]and as we approach 300 seconds of conversation, [24:24.44]我們的談話時(shí)間快到300秒了。 [24:26.39]I'll be thinking about how to get off the line so the next call can come in-and the next-and the next call. [24:30.24]我就會(huì)想怎樣把電話掛掉，以便好接下一個(gè)電話——再下一個(gè)電話——再下一個(gè)。 [24:34.09]Because,frankly, [24:35.23]因?yàn)?，說實(shí)話， [24:36.36]a customer is just one of a thousand"widgets"to be processed at your phone company's electronic sweatshop. [24:40.82]一位顧客只是電話公司電氣化血汗工廠里等待加工的成百上千個(gè)小零件中的一個(gè)而已。 [24:45.29]New Words [24:46.28]單詞 [24:47.27]accountable adj [24:48.31]負(fù)有責(zé)任的 [24:49.36]assembly n [24:50.44]裝配 [24:51.52]contention n [24:52.42]論點(diǎn) [24:53.32]eavesdrop v [24:54.27]偷聽(私人談話) [24:55.22]idle adj [24:56.00]不在工作的，閑散的 [24:56.77]impede v [24:57.82]阻礙，妨礙，阻止 [24:58.86]incoming adj [24:59.81]進(jìn)來的 [25:00.77]incorrect adj [25:01.76]不正確的，錯(cuò)誤的 [25:02.75]indicative adj [25:03.83]表示的，暗示的 [25:04.91]install v [25:05.72]安裝，設(shè)置 [25:06.53]keystroke n [25:07.57](在打字機(jī)或計(jì)算機(jī)鍵盤上的)一次按擊 [25:08.62]mismanagement n [25:09.70]管理不善，處理不當(dāng) [25:10.78]perpetuate v [25:11.64]使永久或持續(xù) [25:12.50]purposefully adv [25:13.64]有目的地，有決定地，果斷地 [25:14.77]quantifiable adj [25:15.85]可用數(shù)量表示的，可量化的 [25:16.93]sweatshop n [25:17.92]血汗工廠(工作條件惡劣而工資低的) [25:18.91]telecommunications n [25:20.19]電信 [25:21.47]telemarketing n [25:22.51]電話銷售，電話推銷 [25:23.56]widget n [25:24.74](某公司的)典型小產(chǎn)品，小玩意兒 [25:25.93]Lost in the E-mail [25:27.19]迷失在電子郵件中 [25:28.45]1 Charles Wang has been to e-mail hell,and retuned to tell the tale. [25:31.89]查爾斯·王剛剛從電子郵件的地獄中繞幸逃生。 [25:35.33]His journey there began innocently enough when, [25:37.94]他在開始其地獄之旅時(shí)動(dòng)機(jī)十分單純。 [25:40.55]as chairman of Computer Associates International,a software company, [25:43.79]當(dāng)時(shí)他擔(dān)任國際計(jì)算機(jī)股份有限公司(一軟件公司)的主席。 [25:47.03]he first heard how quickly his employees had embraced their new electronic-mail system. [25:50.92]他首次聽說他的員工掌握該公司新研制的電子郵件系統(tǒng)的速度是如何之快， [25:54.80]They were sending messages to one another like crazy. [25:56.89]他們?nèi)绾蜗癔偭艘粯酉嗷グl(fā)電子郵件。 [25:58.98]"I said,'Wonderful,'"recalls Wang. [26:00.62]“我說，太好了?！蓖趸貞浀馈? [26:02.26]"And I also said,'Let's check into how people are using it.'" [26:04.78]“我還說，咱們看看人們運(yùn)用電子郵件的情況如何?！? [26:07.30]2 But instead of a pleasant e-mail culture,what had evolved was a behavioral nightmare. [26:11.29]但是他看到的不是令人愉快的電子郵件文化，而是一場(chǎng)行為惡夢(mèng)。 [26:15.29]"It was a disaster,"he says. [26:16.60]“簡(jiǎn)直是場(chǎng)災(zāi)難?！蓖跽f。 [26:17.92]"My managers were getting 200 to 300 e-mail a day each. [26:20.80]“我的經(jīng)理們每天要收到200到300封電子郵件。 [26:23.68]People were so fond of it they weren't talking to each other. [26:25.82]大家都太喜歡電子郵件，以致于他們相互之間連話都不說了。 [26:27.96]They were hibernating,e-mailing people in the next room. [26:30.26]他們冬眠了。連給隔壁的人也要發(fā)個(gè)電子郵件。 [26:32.57]They were abusing it." [26:33.68]他們?cè)跒E用電子郵件?！? [26:34.80]In just a few years,Wang's high-tech communications system had gone crazy. [26:38.29]短短幾個(gè)月間，王的高科技通訊系統(tǒng)就亂了套。 [26:41.78]3 To stop the insanity,Wang short-circuited the system, [26:44.20]為了阻止這種混亂，王將他的系統(tǒng)截?cái)嗔恕? [26:46.61]taking the astonishing step-considering what his $ 3.9 billion company does for a living [26:50.55]做了一項(xiàng)令人驚異的決定，他那3.9億美圓的公司賴以生存的系統(tǒng) [26:54.49]of banning all e-mails from 9:30 a.m. to 12 noon and from 1;30 p.m. to 4 p.m. [26:58.29]他規(guī)定每早上9:30至12點(diǎn)，下午1:30至4:00，禁止一切電子郵件的發(fā)送。 [27:02.09]These hours are now rigidly observed as a sort of electronic quiet time. [27:05.02]現(xiàn)在這兩段時(shí)間已成為該公司硬性規(guī)定的無電子郵件時(shí)間。 [27:07.96]Says Wang:"It worked wonderfully. [27:09.99]王說：“這很管用。 [27:12.02]People are walking the corridors again talking to other people." [27:14.27]現(xiàn)在大家又在走廊里走動(dòng)，相互說話了?！? [27:16.52]4 So much for the e-mail revolution,which is now enslaving all those employees it was supposed to free, [27:20.74]電子郵件革命到此為止，它束縛著所有那些原本它欲解放的雇員， [27:24.95]creating communication problems so new that they cannot be found in the pages of any management textbook. [27:28.55]產(chǎn)生了許多在任何一本管理學(xué)教科書中都未曾論及的新的交流問題。 [27:32.15]E-mail has corrupted corporate cultures and created bosses who turn e-mail into a terror weapon to subdue underlings and undermine rivals. [27:38.43]電子郵件已經(jīng)侵蝕了企業(yè)文化。隨著電子郵件的產(chǎn)生，有一種老板也隨之出現(xiàn)了。他們把電子郵件變成一種馴服下級(jí)，損害對(duì)手的恐怖武器。 [27:44.71]E-mail has wasted years of executive time and gigabytes of computer memory looking for lost keys. [27:49.28]電子郵件浪費(fèi)了幾年的工作時(shí)間和成千兆字節(jié)的計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)存去尋找丟失了的口令。 [27:53.86]5 And the volume of traffic is still exploding. [27:55.71]然而，電子郵件通信量仍火爆得很。 [27:57.56]In 1994,for example,776 billion e-mail messages moved through U.S.based computer networks. [28:03.02]例如，1994年，776億條電子郵件信息通過了美國的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 [28:08.47]As of 1997 that number is expected to more than triple,to 2.6 trillion. [28:12.36]1997年，這一數(shù)字翻了三番，變成了2.6兆條。 [28:16.25]By the year 2000,the number will nearly triple again,to 6.6 trillion. [28:19.79]2000年，又番了一番，變成了6.6兆條。 [28:23.34]Forty percent of the American workforce uses e-mail. [28:26.67]40%的美國工作人員都使用了電子郵件。 [28:30.00]6 So why are people saying such bad things about these computer-borne text messages? [28:33.38]那人們又為什么對(duì)這些由電腦傳播的文字信息頗有微詞呢? [28:36.77]Almost everyone agrees that e-mail is a wonderful invention. [28:39.59]幾乎人人都認(rèn)為電子郵件是一項(xiàng)奇妙的發(fā)明。 [28:42.42]It is a convenient,highly democratic,informal medium for conveying messages that conforms well to human needs. [28:47.71]它方便，民主，隨意，能傳播信息，很好地滿足人類需求。 [28:53.00]E-mail is perhaps the ideal means by which one can run a global project. [28:56.23]也許，電子郵件是人們可以用來管理世界事物的最理想的方式。 [28:59.45]"It is one of the great innovations of the last 20 years," [29:01.86]“它是過去20年中一項(xiàng)偉大的發(fā)明?！? [29:04.27]says Paul Argenti,a professor of management communications at Dartmough's Tuck School. [29:07.93]達(dá)特毛斯·塔可學(xué)院的電腦管理博士鮑爾·阿及提說。 [29:11.58]But Argenti and others also say it is a medium whose function is confusing, [29:14.60]但他同時(shí)也指出，電子郵件是一種功能使人疑惑的媒體， [29:17.63]in part because the process is so easy and informal that people treat it as they do conversation. [29:21.84]部分原因是因?yàn)殡娮余]件的使用是如此簡(jiǎn)單隨意，以致于人們?cè)陔娮余]件中所寫的話就像是在談話一樣。 [29:26.05]And because so much of human conversation is nonverbal,e-mail messages, [29:29.90]由于人類交流的這么大的部分都并非是說出來的，所以電子郵件信息， [29:33.76]especially critical or complex ones,can easily be misinterpreted. [29:37.25]尤其是批評(píng)性的和比較復(fù)雜的電子郵件，很容易被誤解。 [29:40.74]7 That is especially true if the originator of the message is the "virtual manager". [29:44.23]當(dāng)發(fā)出電子郵件的是一位“虛經(jīng)理”時(shí)，這處情況就變得尤為明顯了。 [29:47.72]The virtual manager generally is a conflict-avoiding character who hides behind e-mail,and uses it as an instrument of aggression,creating not only ill will but inefficiencies as well. [29:57.14]虛經(jīng)理指的是那些躲在電子郵件后面，把電子郵件當(dāng)成進(jìn)攻工具的人物。一般說來，這種人物都不愿意當(dāng)面引起沖突，結(jié)果反而會(huì)帶來惡意，使效率更加低下。 [30:06.55]" I cannot tell you how many people we've encountered hiding behind e-mail,"says Emory Mulling,a consultant who is often brought in to help virtual managers change their ways. [30:13.03]“我數(shù)不清到底我們遇到過多少個(gè)躲在電子郵件后的人。”一位名叫艾默爾·布林的顧客說。他經(jīng)常被請(qǐng)去幫助那些虛經(jīng)理改變他們的方式。 [30:19.51]According to him,there are a lot of managers who do not like conflict, [30:22.54]據(jù)他介紹，有許多不愿當(dāng)面引起沖突的經(jīng)理， [30:25.56]so they criticize their employees by e-mail,and often do more harm than good. [30:28.69]用電子郵件去批評(píng)他們的職員，結(jié)果弊大于利。 [30:31.82]In Mulling's opinion,e-mail is perfect for managers who would rather do anything other than walk down the hall. [30:36.56]布林認(rèn)為，那些不愿與雇員面對(duì)面交談的經(jīng)理們來把電子郵件當(dāng)成了絕好的工具。 [30:41.29]8 Here is the sort of message,written with little thought as to how it will be read, [30:44.42]這里就有一種電子郵件。發(fā)件人在寫信時(shí)根本沒考慮到收件人會(huì)怎樣理解這封信。 [30:47.56]that illustrates both the one-way nature of e-mail(the recipient can't immediately defend himself) [30:51.41]通過這個(gè)例子，我們可以看出電子郵件一方面的性質(zhì)(收信人無法馬上為自己辯解)， [30:55.26]and the dangers inherent in offering criticism in an electronic message: [30:58.59]也可以看出在電子郵件是批評(píng)人會(huì)有怎樣的危險(xiǎn)。 [31:01.92]you MUST MUST make your report titles more descriptive. [31:04.89]你必須必須使你的報(bào)告標(biāo)題更生動(dòng)。 [31:07.86]If I can't understand what the report is about,how will our clients? [31:10.52]如果我都看不懂你的報(bào)告要寫什么，我們的客戶又怎么怎看得懂呢? [31:13.19]You are evaluated on your ability to communicate clearly as much as you are on any other part of your performances. [31:18.17]對(duì)你的評(píng)價(jià)基于你其他方面的表現(xiàn)，同樣也基于你清楚表達(dá)思想的能力。 [31:23.16]9 By the time this message gets through the system,the sender has moved on to his next message. [31:26.54]當(dāng)這則信息通過系統(tǒng)傳遞時(shí)，發(fā)信人已經(jīng)在處理下一則信息了。 [31:29.93]Meanwhile,the recipient stares at his screen as if the office had been struck by lightning. [31:33.64]然而，收信人就像辦公室被雷霹了一樣，正瞪著電腦屏幕呢! [31:37.34]Here's how the recipient reads it:MUST MUST means "you are an idiot"; [31:40.84]收信人是這樣理解的：“必須”“必須”意思是“你是個(gè)白癡?！? [31:44.33]evaluated,"soon to be fired". [31:46.02]“評(píng)價(jià)”意思是“你快被炒魷魚了”。 [31:47.71]"The result is that if I send you an offensive e-mail,I feel great,"says Mulling. [31:51.10]“結(jié)果往往是：我發(fā)出一個(gè)有攻擊性的電子郵件，感覺爽極了?！辈剂终f。 [31:54.48]"I've gotten something off my chest."But now you have to deal with the anger.It's a way of passing on anger." [31:58.13]“我發(fā)泄了心中的怒氣，而你現(xiàn)在則要對(duì)付這股怒氣。這是轉(zhuǎn)移怒氣的好方法?！? [32:01.79]Another consequence is that the recipient,not knowing how to respond,may simply brood about it. [32:05.84]另一個(gè)后果就是收件人不知該如何是好，只能對(duì)著屏幕上的信息犯嘀咕。 [32:09.89]"I've seen people upset for a week because of one thoughtless e-mail,' [32:12.25]“我就見過有人因?yàn)槭盏揭粋€(gè)輕率的電子郵件而難過一個(gè)星期的?！? [32:14.60]says Monte Gibbs,28,who has worked for IBM for several years. [32:17.48]為IBM工作了好幾年的28歲的蒙特·葛伯說。 [32:20.36]10 In an era in which upper-level managers strive to push decision-making down the chain, [32:23.86]在現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)代，上層經(jīng)理總是拼命地讓下屬來做決策， [32:27.35]e-mail has made it easier for middle managers to avoid responsibility by pushing decisions up the ladder. [32:31.61]而電子郵件能幫助中層經(jīng)理們把決策大事重新推回到上級(jí)而逃避責(zé)任。 [32:35.88]A worker who would shy away from seeking an appointment with the boss to resolve an issue often sends a "What do you think?" [32:39.93]一位避免和上司約定時(shí)間商談如何解決問題的員工，通常也會(huì)發(fā)一封短信，詢問：“您怎么認(rèn)為?” [32:43.98]message on the most trivial of matters. [32:45.91]即使在最瑣碎的問題上。 [32:47.83]11 In many cases,there has been strong reaction against e-mail. [32:50.50]很多時(shí)候，人們都強(qiáng)烈地反對(duì)電子郵件。 [32:53.16]"People became so overloaded they stopped using it," [32:55.25]“人們往往收到的電子郵件太多了，以致于最后都停止使用電子郵件了?！? [32:57.34]says Silicon Valley consultant Anita Rosen about the e-mail system at computer-software-maker Oracle, [33:01.13]曾在電腦軟件公司奧哈克工作的硅谷顧問阿尼塔·羅森在談到該公司的電子郵箱系統(tǒng)時(shí)說。 [33:04.93]where she worked for years. [33:06.10]工作好幾年 [33:07.27]"Out of 300 e-mails,80% were ccs. [33:09.52]“在300封電子郵件中，80%是抄送郵件。 [33:11.77]So maybe all you actually need to know are 40 e-mails a day,or an hour's work." [33:15.16]因此，你實(shí)際上每天只需要閱讀40封電子郵件，或只需要花一個(gè)小時(shí)就夠了?！? [33:18.54]At the White House,the e-mail system is so overloaded that many senior staff members refuse to use it. [33:22.43]在白宮，由于電子郵件負(fù)荷過重，許多高級(jí)工作人員都拒絕使用電子郵件系統(tǒng)。 [33:26.32]12 Sure,there are people like Bill Gates,who love to respond to several hundred of the e-mails sent to him daily. [33:30.42]當(dāng)然，也有些人，如比爾·蓋茨，喜歡每天給發(fā)給他的幾百封電子郵件回信。 [33:34.52]Monte Gibbs,however,does not appreciate having to deal with e-mails on his system until one in the morning. [33:38.74]可蒙特葛伯不喜歡每天回電子郵件回到凌晨一點(diǎn)。 [33:42.95]"I have been at the company two months and received 6,500 e-mails,"he sighs. [33:46.60]他嘆道：“我到公司二個(gè)月，就曾收到過6500封電子郵件?！? [33:50.26]13 There is no doubt that e-mail is abused and overused. [33:52.87]無疑，電子郵件被濫用了。 [33:55.48]There is an urgent need for traffic laws because what was once a wonderfully pleasant and speedy means of communication [34:00.21]現(xiàn)在最急需的就是制定通信法規(guī)，因?yàn)樵?jīng)多么愉悅的，高速的通信手段 [34:04.94]has now turned into an absurdly overcrowded system. [34:07.14]現(xiàn)在卻變得如此擁擠不堪。 [34:09.34]To avoid sending the wrong message,there are four basic rules to obey: [34:12.00]為了避免發(fā)送的信息錯(cuò)誤，我們必須遵守四條準(zhǔn)則： [34:14.66]never discuss bad news,never criticize and never discuss personnel issues over e-mail, [34:19.07]不討論壞消息，不批評(píng)，不討論私人問題。 [34:23.48]and if there is anything ambiguous, [34:24.65]如果一句話解決不了， [34:25.82]walk down the hall to discuss it in person or pick up the phone. [34:28.38]那就請(qǐng)到大廳里面對(duì)面地討論，或打電話討論吧! [34:30.94]14 "Think before you write,"says Argenti. [34:32.74]“寫電子郵件之前要想好?！卑⒓八f。 [34:34.54]"The most important thing to know is what not to write." [34:36.48]“最重要的是要知道什么不該寫?！? [34:38.42]For American companies trying hard to keep pace with the e-mail revolution, [34:41.09]對(duì)于努力與電子郵件革命保持同步的美國公司來說， [34:43.75]that advice may be the best message of all. [34:45.84]這條建議也是一條最好的信息。 [34:47.93]Cc it to everyone. [34:49.24]把這條信息抄送給所有人吧! [34:50.56]New Words [34:51.58]單詞 [34:52.61]ambiguous adj [34:53.98]引起歧義的，模棱兩可的 [34:55.34]conform v [34:56.41]一致，符合，相似 [34:57.47]corridor n [34:58.58]走廊 [34:59.70]descriptive adj [35:00.62]描述詳細(xì)生動(dòng)的 [35:01.54]e-mail n & v [35:02.65]電子信函，電子郵件 [35:03.77]enslave v [35:04.94]使……做奴隸，使處于奴役的狀態(tài) [35:06.11]gigabyte n [35:07.28]千兆個(gè)字節(jié) [35:08.45]hibernate v [35:09.37]冬眠 [35:10.28]inefficiency n [35:11.51]無效率事例 [35:12.73]inherent adj [35:13.76]內(nèi)存的，固有的 [35:14.78]lightning n [35:15.90]閃電 [35:17.02]misinterpret v [35:18.29]誤解 [35:19.57]nonverbal adj [35:20.85]不使用語言的 [35:22.13]originator n [35:23.30]創(chuàng)始人，發(fā)起人 [35:24.47]overcrowded adj [35:25.64]過度擁擠的 [35:26.81]overload v [35:27.92]使超載，使過載 [35:29.04]overuse v [35:30.16]過多使用，過度使用 [35:31.27]short-circuit v [35:32.50]1)使……不工作 2)使短路 [35:33.72]speedy adj [35:34.78]快的，迅速的 [35:35.84]strive v [35:36.76]努力，奮斗，力爭(zhēng)，力求 [35:37.68]subdue v [35:38.85]制服，使順從 [35:40.02]thoughtless adj [35:40.99]欠考慮的，輕率的 [35:41.96]trillion n [35:43.03]一萬億，兆 [35:44.09]underling n [35:45.11]職位低的人，下屬 [35:46.14]volume n [35:47.42]數(shù)量，總額

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