新編大學(xué)英語閱讀(浙大版)04

[00:00.00]It's Radio! [00:00.83]還是廣播好! [00:01.66]The medium that can turn anywhere into somewhere [00:03.60]無論在哪兒都不會(huì)讓你寂寞的媒體 [00:05.54]1 The truth is that radio has not been eclipsed by television and cable and the Internet. [00:08.69]事實(shí)上，廣播并未因?yàn)殡娨?、有線網(wǎng)和因特網(wǎng)而黯然失色。 [00:11.84]In fact,radio is as popular as it has ever been. [00:13.99]實(shí)際上，廣播還是一如既往地受到人們的喜愛。 [00:16.13]According to the consumer Electronics Manufacturers Association,675 million radio receivers are currently in use in the United States; [00:21.56]根據(jù)民用電子設(shè)備生產(chǎn)者協(xié)會(huì)的調(diào)查，目前美國仍有6.75億臺(tái)無線電收音機(jī)。 [00:27.00]on average,Americans over the age of eleven spend three hours and eighteen minutes of every weekday listening to at least one of them. [00:32.00]11歲以上的美國人，平均每個(gè)日作日收聽3小時(shí)18分鐘的廣播節(jié)目。 [00:37.01]2 I don't mention this to make the case that radio is"better"than other electroic media (I use and enjoy all of them), [00:40.93]我提這些并不是要證明廣播比其他電子媒介好。(所有的媒介我都用，而且都很喜歡)， [00:44.86]but I will say that it is different,very different. [00:46.93]但我得說，廣播與其它媒介不一樣，而且很不一樣。 [00:49.00]Radio is special to people. [00:50.40]廣播跟人們有著特殊的關(guān)系。 [00:51.80]And in an era when we have so many other media available to us, [00:54.07]在一個(gè)我們可以享受很多其他媒介的時(shí)代里， [00:56.34]radio still inspires a kind of loyalty that premium channels and Web sites cannot claim. [00:59.94]廣播仍然能使人們對(duì)它忠心不二，這是電視的各種黃金頻道和因特網(wǎng)的眾多網(wǎng)址所做不到的。 [01:03.54]3 This loyalty is largely due to radio's very limitations. [01:05.95]這種忠誠在很大程度上源于廣播的局限性。 [01:08.36]Radio can't dazzle us with visual spectacles,it has to capture and hold our attention aurally. [01:12.09]廣播不可能用壯觀的畫面使我們傾倒，它只能通過聽覺效果吸引我們。 [01:15.82]That is,it has to speak to us,through either words or music. [01:18.66]也就是說，它必須通過語言或音樂向我們?cè)V說。 [01:21.50]Combine this with the fact that radio is a curiously intimate medium: [01:23.95]同時(shí)，廣播又是一種令人感到非常親切的媒體。 [01:26.40]people tend to feel that they are connecting with their radios one-on-one. [01:29.19]人們往往覺得廣播在與自己進(jìn)行著一對(duì)一的交流。 [01:31.98]This is generally not the case with television, [01:33.65]電視就不一樣了， [01:35.33]where the individual viewer invariably senses that he or she is nothing more than an anonymous, [01:38.41]電視觀眾作為個(gè)人總覺得他或她只不過是數(shù)不勝數(shù)的，而又迥然各異的觀眾中的一個(gè)無名小卒。 [01:41.48]statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience. [01:44.33]可有可無、微不足道的。 [01:47.17]But because radio is a "smaller"medium, [01:48.85]但由于收音機(jī)比其他接收設(shè)備都“小”。 [01:50.52]the individual listener can somehow believe that the signal is traveling directly and uninterruptedly from the studio microphone to his set alone, [01:55.92]這使每個(gè)聽眾都覺得電波是在直接地，不受干擾地從電臺(tái)麥克風(fēng)專門為他的收音機(jī)而發(fā)送， [02:01.32]that the announcer is speaking and playing records just for him. [02:03.66]而且播音員或者主持人也是在和他一個(gè)人說話，或是在為他一個(gè)人播放唱片。 [02:06.00]Few people exploited this quality as well as did Franklin Delano Roosevelt. [02:08.68]廣播的這種特點(diǎn)，很少有人能像富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福那樣予以充分發(fā)揮。 [02:11.36]His radio"Fireside Chats"endeared him to countless listeners, [02:14.12]他的“爐邊談話”使他贏得了無數(shù)聽眾的喜愛。 [02:16.87]who reported feeling during his broadcasts as if the President were sitting in their living room and talking with them like a next-door neighbor. [02:21.19]聽眾們說，收聽這個(gè)節(jié)目時(shí)，聽眾們感到總統(tǒng)先生就坐在客廳里，像是隔壁鄰居一樣在與他們聊天。 [02:25.51]Roosevelt was given credit for his ability to use the new medium so effectively, [02:28.12]羅斯福因當(dāng)時(shí)能有效地利用了這一新媒介而獲得了贊譽(yù)。 [02:30.73]but a case can be made that it was actually the nature of the new mediu [02:33.07]我們可以擺事實(shí)講道理的說明新聞媒介的本性 [02:35.41]its peculiar power and personality that made Roosevelt so effective on it. [02:38.69]羅斯福的廣播之所以如此成功，實(shí)際上靠的正是這種新媒介獨(dú)特的魅力及特點(diǎn)。 [02:41.96]4 Intimacy is itself both cause and effect of another singular truth about radio:most peopl [02:46.05]因?yàn)閺V播能給人親切感，而獨(dú)自收聽收音機(jī)又倍感廣播的親切，大多數(shù) [02:50.14]most of the time,listen to their radios in solitud [02:52.40]多半是獨(dú)自一個(gè)人收聽廣播 [02:54.67]Radio,then,is usually more than just a medium;it is company. [02:57.46]廣播不僅是一種媒介。還是人們的伙伴。 [03:00.25]Whether it is the company of first choice or of last resort makes no difference. [03:03.10]它究竟是人們首選的伙伴還是在另無選擇時(shí)才求助于它，并不重要。 [03:05.94]It is a reliable and tireless buffer between solitude and loneliness, [03:08.59]它值得信賴，不辭勞苦的能使獨(dú)處的人不再孤單， [03:11.23]and for this it is often regarded,consciously of otherwise,as an old and valued friend. [03:14.83]因此人們常常有意無意地把它當(dāng)作珍貴的老朋友。 [03:18.43]5 I had no real use for radio until after I graduated from college. [03:20.95]我是大學(xué)畢業(yè)后才真正開始收聽廣播的。 [03:23.47]I was born in New York City in the late 1960s, [03:25.51]60年代后期，我出生在紐約， [03:27.54]and grew up in its dense suburbs toward the end of the transition from black-and-white to color television. [03:31.12]此后一直生活在人口眾多的紐約市郊，直到黑白電視變成彩色電視。 [03:34.70]In junior high school twenty-channel cable TV came along; [03:36.94]上初中時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了可接收20個(gè)頻道的有線電視。 [03:39.17]in high school we got microcomputers", [03:40.84]高中時(shí)，我們有了“微型計(jì)算機(jī)”， [03:42.52]which boasted two whole kilobytes of random-access memory for information storage. [03:45.70]里面裝有整整兩千個(gè)字節(jié)的隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器，用于存儲(chǔ)信息。 [03:48.89]In retrospect,of course,these innovations look hopelessly crude, [03:51.53]當(dāng)然，回想起來，這些玩意兒十分粗糙。 [03:54.18]but at the time they were more than enough to render radio seemingly irrelevant to my life. [03:57.02]但在當(dāng)時(shí)，它們足以吸引我，使廣播與我的生活毫不相干。 [03:59.87]6 Then I found myself working as a reporter at a daily newspaper in the Mississippi Delta. [04:02.91]后來，我成了密西西比三角洲的一家報(bào)社記者， [04:05.95]The Delta is a place that can blind you,if not drive you mad,with its sameness and isolation. [04:09.80]這三角洲是個(gè)景色單調(diào)、與世隔絕的地方。即使不把你逼瘋，也足以使你耳目閉塞。 [04:13.66]It is endlessly flat and completely rural. [04:15.58]它是一片無邊無際的平原，完完全全的鄉(xiāng)下。 [04:17.51]My job often required me to drive great distances,usually on long, [04:19.92]我當(dāng)時(shí)的工作需要我長途跋涉，長時(shí)間， [04:22.33]staraight two-lane roads with vast plantation fields on both sides. [04:25.01]地驅(qū)車在筆直的只有兩條車道的路上，兩邊盡是巨大的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 [04:27.70]It was not at all unusual for me to travel many miles without seeing another car,a hous [04:31.01]對(duì)我來說簡(jiǎn)直是家常便飯-駕車數(shù)英里看不到車輛，房屋 [04:34.32]or even a road sig [04:35.44]甚至路標(biāo) [04:36.55]In such an atmosphere it is not difficult to imagine that one is the last person on the planet. [04:39.74]在這種氛圍中，不難把自己想像成這個(gè)星球上僅存的一個(gè)人。 [04:42.92]Not difficult,and not pleasant,either. [04:44.72]很容易這樣想，想起來也真令人不快。 [04:46.52]7 On one such journey I turned off the tape deck in my car and started listening to the radio. [04:49.78]在這樣的一次旅途中，我關(guān)掉了汽車的錄音機(jī)，開始收聽廣播。 [04:53.04]I can't say exactly what day that happened,or why,but I can say,with confidence, [04:56.39]我不能準(zhǔn)確地說出這是哪天發(fā)生的事，或者為什么會(huì)這樣，但我可以肯定地說， [04:59.74]that the first day I listened to the radio while driving through the Delta was also the last day I used the tape deck. [05:03.80]在三角洲上我第一次邊開車邊聽廣播的那一天，也便是我最后一次用錄音機(jī)的日子。 [05:07.87]The radio was the perfect cure for the paralyzing remoteness of the Delta. [05:10.59]廣播治好了三角洲令人絕望的荒涼病。 [05:13.31]I didn't matter anymore that I couldn't detect any evidence of humankind on a lonely stretch of Highway 49; [05:16.96]在孤零零的、綿延不絕的49號(hào)公路上，寥無人跡對(duì)我來說已無所謂了。 [05:20.62]I could always turn on the radio and hear a human voice . [05:22.54]我盡可以打開收音機(jī)，聽人們的聲音。 [05:24.47]I began to realize that radio could do more even than preserve my sanity and defeat my homesickness; [05:27.87]我意識(shí)到，廣播不僅使我保持清醒，消除我的思鄉(xiāng)之苦， [05:31.27]it could provide me with a wealth of information on,and a hearty appreciation fo [05:34.31]還為我提供了大量有關(guān)基地的信息，我衷心地?zé)釔凵纤? [05:37.36]a place as different from my home town as any in the country. [05:39.59]這個(gè)地方不同與我的家鄉(xiāng)，就象這個(gè)國家的任何地方一樣 [05:41.82]8 It was also in Mississippi that I discovered what might be my favorite thing about radio-its durability. [05:45.80]同樣是在密西西比，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了廣播最吸引我的地方——它的耐久性。 [05:49.78]Somethimes on clear nights I would get in my car and drive out of town, [05:52.33]在晴朗的夜晚，有時(shí)我會(huì)駕車出城， [05:54.89]out along the narrow highways of the Delta, [05:56.31]沿著密西西北河狹窄的公路行駛。 [05:57.73]Where we-my car and I-would be surrounded by a darkness so intense that it seemed tangible. [06:01.58]此時(shí)，我們——我和我的車——就被包圍在濃濃的似乎觸手可及的黑暗中。 [06:05.44]often I drove without any particular destination in mind. [06:07.49]我經(jīng)常開車出去并不是為了要去哪兒。 [06:09.54]My real objective on these trips was simply to drive my car along the small roads while sliding back and forth along the AM dial to see what distan [06:15.17]真正的目的只是想在小路上一邊奔馳，一邊來回不斷調(diào)臺(tái)，看到底什么地方的 [06:20.81]exotic stations I could pull i [06:22.28]情調(diào)各異的電臺(tái)我能收到 [06:23.76]I don't believe in magic, [06:24.80]我不相信奇跡， [06:25.85]but I do know that sitting in my car in the middle of Mississippi and listening to a signal that traveled more than a thousand miles, [06:30.04]但我深信，在密西西比中部，坐在車子里，聆聽穿越了一千多英里， [06:34.24]over nearly a dozen states, [06:35.41]跨過幾乎12個(gè)州。 [06:36.58]and came down into my car through an antenna and two speakers, [06:38.90]通過天線和兩個(gè)喇叭深入我耳內(nèi)的電波， [06:41.22]was as near to a magical experience as ever I'm likely to have. [06:43.63]這幾乎就是我所能擁有的最奇跡般的經(jīng)歷。 [06:46.04]9 A year later,when I was a graduate student in Alabama, [06:48.22]一年后，我在亞拉巴馬讀研究生時(shí)， [06:50.40]I decided to seek employment at the school's FM radio station to make some extra money. [06:53.66]決定到學(xué)校的調(diào)督廣播臺(tái)找份工作掙些錢。 [06:56.92]I ended up hosting my own show,playing jazz from ten at night until two in the morning several nights a week. [07:00.77]結(jié)果，我主持起自己的節(jié)目，在每周幾個(gè)晚上，每晚10點(diǎn)到次日凌晨2點(diǎn)，播放一些爵士樂。 [07:04.62]We had a toll-free number,so people weren't shy about calling,and many did, [07:07.34]我們有一個(gè)免費(fèi)電話，以便聽眾播打。打電話的人很多， [07:10.06]from dozens of small towns I'd never heard of and couldn't even find on the station's gigantic wall map. [07:13.46]許多來自我從未聽說過的，甚至從電臺(tái)墻上的那副巨幅地圖中也無法找到的小鎮(zhèn)上打來的。 [07:16.86]They called for any number of reasons to request a song or an artist and to tease me for mispronouncing the name of their county. [07:20.93]他們打電話來是出自各種原因，要點(diǎn)播一曲歌，或是哪位歌星的歌，或僅僅是關(guān)系到我把他們縣的名字念錯(cuò)了。 [07:25.00]Most times,I think,they called for no reason at all except to make contact with someone who had made contact with them to express, [07:29.87]我覺得，很多時(shí)候，他們打電話來沒有其他目的，只是想跟某個(gè)已建立了聯(lián)系的人說說話， [07:34.75]without saying it openly,their appreciation. [07:36.62]含蓄地表達(dá)一下感激之情。 [07:38.50]I worked at the station alone,and I was as thankful for the contact as they. [07:41.39]在電臺(tái)工作時(shí)，就我一個(gè)人，而且也同他們一樣對(duì)這種聯(lián)系深懷感激。 [07:44.29]It is a powerful feeling to send your voice out into the night over thousands of square miles, [07:47.33]把自己的聲音在夜色中傳送出去，覆蓋數(shù)千平方英里的土地，感到自己影響很大。 [07:50.38]and it is powerfully satisfying to know that your voice is being hear [07:52.93]你會(huì)感到自己的影響很大當(dāng)你知道有人聆聽你的聲音時(shí) [07:55.49]by real people sitting in real living rooms in real houses. [07:58.04]聽眾是真實(shí)的人們坐在真實(shí)房子的真實(shí)的客廳里 [08:00.60]10 Like the telephone,radio enables human voices to be heard on a one-to-one basis over vast distances, [08:04.97]廣播使人們的聲音越過萬水千山，一對(duì)一地播放給觀眾聽， [08:09.35]and in the final analysis, [08:10.57]而且歸根到底， [08:11.80]it is the intimacy and the friendliness of radio that I appreciate the most. [08:14.75]我最欣賞的還是廣播給人的親密友好的感覺。 [08:17.70]New Words [08:18.55]單詞 [08:19.39]AM [08:20.29]調(diào)幅廣播系統(tǒng) [08:21.19]announcer n [08:22.09]電(視)臺(tái)的節(jié)目報(bào)告員(或時(shí)事評(píng)論員，球類比賽的講解員) [08:22.99]antenna n [08:23.89](無線電或電視的)天線 [08:24.79]aurally adv [08:25.78]聽覺地，聽覺上地 [08:26.77]buffer n [08:27.89]起保護(hù)作用的人或物 [08:29.00]cable n [08:30.03]1)有線電視 2)纜繩，鋼索 [08:31.06]dazzle v [08:31.96]使贊嘆不已，使傾倒 [08:32.86]deck n [08:33.85]1)音響設(shè)備中放光盤或磁帶的裝置 2)甲板 [08:34.84]delta n [08:35.74]三角洲 [08:36.64]durability n [08:37.75]經(jīng)久性，耐用性 [08:38.87]eclipse v & n [08:39.95]1)使黯然失色，使相形見絀 2)日食，月食 [08:41.03]endear v [08:42.02]使受喜愛 [08:43.01]exotic adj [08:43.76]奇異的，外(國)來的 [08:44.52]fireside n [08:45.82]壁爐邊 [08:47.11]FM [08:48.19]調(diào)頻 [08:49.27]gigantic adj [08:50.44]巨大的，龐大的 [08:51.61]hearty adj [08:52.60]真誠的，親切的，熱誠的 [08:53.59]homesickness n [08:54.83]想家，思鄉(xiāng)病 [08:56.08]hopelessly adv [08:57.07]令人絕望地，沒有希望地 [08:58.06]kilobyte n [08:59.35]千字節(jié) [09:00.65]microcomputer n [09:01.94]微(型計(jì)算)機(jī) [09:03.24]powerful adj [09:04.36]1)強(qiáng)大的，有力的，有權(quán)的 2)強(qiáng)壯的，強(qiáng)健的 [09:05.47]powerfully adv [09:06.55]非常地，強(qiáng)有力地 [09:07.63]premium adj [09:08.39]特佳的，優(yōu)質(zhì)的 [09:09.14]receiver n [09:10.22]1)電視或收音機(jī)的接收器 2)電話聽筒 [09:11.30]remoteness n [09:12.51]偏僻 [09:13.72]sameness n [09:14.83]單調(diào)，千篇一律 [09:15.95]sanity n [09:16.97]心智健全 [09:18.00]spectacle n [09:19.08]場(chǎng)面，奇觀 [09:20.16]uninterruptedly adv [09:21.19]不間斷地，持續(xù)地 [09:22.21]What Makes TV Most Entertaining? [09:23.81]電視為什么最具娛樂性? [09:25.42]1 In America,over 98 percent of all households have a radio, [09:28.06]在美國，超過98%的家庭有收音機(jī)， [09:30.71]and most automobiles are equipped with one. [09:32.54]大多數(shù)的汽車?yán)镆舶惭b了收音機(jī)。 [09:34.38]The average American listens to the radio eighteen hours a week. [09:36.49]一個(gè)普通美國人每星期收聽收音機(jī)的時(shí)間為18個(gè)小時(shí)。 [09:38.59]2 About 77 percent of the population read newspapers. [09:40.73]77%的美國人看報(bào)紙， [09:42.88]The average American spends about 3.5 hours a week reading newspapers. [09:45.52]一個(gè)普通的美國人每周看報(bào)3.5小時(shí)。 [09:48.17]3 Over 98 percent of all households own a television set; [09:50.49]98%的美國家庭擁有一臺(tái)電視機(jī)。 [09:52.81]more than 50 percent own two sets. [09:54.52]50%的家庭擁有的電視機(jī)不止一臺(tái)。 [09:56.23]The average family uses its set more than 40 hours a week. [09:58.82]一個(gè)普通的美國家庭每星期看40個(gè)小時(shí)的電視。 [10:01.42]Television is the most popular medium in the United States today. [10:04.10]電視是當(dāng)今美國最受歡迎的媒體方式。 [10:06.78]4 American television is dominated by three private corporations--the American Broadcasting Company(ABC), [10:10.49]美國電視業(yè)被三大私人公司所壟斷。這三大公司分別是美國廣播公司， [10:14.20]CBS Incorporated,and the National Broadcasting Company(NBC),which is a division of the RCA Corporation. [10:18.86]哥倫比亞廣播公司和附屬于美國無線電公司的國家廣播公司。 [10:23.52]Most of the 700 local television stations are forced to affiliate with one or another of these networks because of the high cost of producing news and entertainment programs. [10:29.60]在美國有700多家地方電視臺(tái)。由于制作新聞節(jié)目與娛樂節(jié)目的費(fèi)用高昂，所以大多數(shù)地方電視臺(tái)不得不依附于三大公司中的一個(gè)。 [10:35.69]Local stations restrict themselves to local news coverage and then broadcast the network "feeds"of the "Evening News", [10:40.10]地方電視臺(tái)把自己報(bào)道的范圍僅限于地方新聞，然后再播出大新聞網(wǎng)“提供”的“晚間新聞”， [10:44.51]rebroadcasting it in shorter form as part of their late news programs. [10:47.33]又經(jīng)剪輯后在更晚的新聞節(jié)目中重播。 [10:50.16]In addition,each network owns five stations itself, [10:52.57]每個(gè)電視網(wǎng)都有自己的電視臺(tái)，其中擁有電視臺(tái)最多的要屬擁有5家電視臺(tái)的聯(lián)邦通信協(xié)會(huì)了。 [10:54.98]the maximum number under the rules of the Federal Communications Commission(FCC). [11:00.42]These networkowned stations are found in the largest "market"cities, [11:03.19]這些新聞網(wǎng)所有的電視臺(tái)一般建在“市場(chǎng)”最大的城市， [11:05.96]and they cover 38 percent of all"TV households"in the nation. [11:08.61]并覆蓋了全國38%的“電視家庭?！? [11:11.26]5 Prime time(8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.)is the most important time in television, [11:14.82]對(duì)電視業(yè)來說，黃金時(shí)間(晚8：00至11：00)是最重要的時(shí)間， [11:18.38]and it is dominated by the three networks. [11:19.99]這段時(shí)間被三大電視網(wǎng)所壟斷。 [11:21.59]Potentially,all 80 million homes in America with TV sets could tune i [11:24.81]這時(shí)美國有電視的家庭，約80，000，000戶將可以同時(shí)收看節(jié)目 [11:28.03]and these homes house over 200 million peopl [11:30.14]這些戶看節(jié)目的人數(shù)超過200，000，000 [11:32.24]The networks broadcast mostly action and adventure series(30 percent [11:35.14]電視網(wǎng)播放的情節(jié)、驚險(xiǎn)系列劇(30%) [11:38.04]situation comedies(25 percent)and movies(16 percent) on prime tim [11:41.89]情景喜劇(25%)和電影(16%)主要在黃金時(shí)間 [11:45.74]Specials and miniseries are also becoming more popular. [11:48.07]特別節(jié)目和微型系列劇正在越來越受到青睞。 [11:50.39]The only regular"live"programs on prime time are sports events, [11:53.03]黃金時(shí)間段唯一有規(guī)律播出的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播節(jié)目就是體育比賽。 [11:55.68]such as ABC's NFL Monday Night Football. [11:57.61]如美國廣播公司星期一晚播出的全美橄欖球聯(lián)賽。 [11:59.53]Most other programs are filmed or videotaped. [12:01.71]而大多數(shù)其他節(jié)目都是先錄下來之后再播放的。 [12:03.89]6 Local stations do the actual broadcasting. [12:05.63]節(jié)目是由地方臺(tái)播出的。 [12:07.38]Almost all stations are affiliated with one of the networks. [12:09.52]幾乎所有的電視臺(tái)都依附于電視網(wǎng)中的一個(gè)。 [12:11.66]The stations are paid by the networks to carry network prime-time shows. [12:14.44]電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司出錢給電視臺(tái)，讓它們播出電視網(wǎng)黃金時(shí)段的節(jié)目。 [12:17.21]Networks do not make payments to stations to carry news,sports,or late-night programs. [12:20.39]而至于新聞、體育或深夜的節(jié)目，電視網(wǎng)公司則分文不出。 [12:23.58]However,the networks allow a certain number of advertising slots in those programs to be filled by local stations. [12:27.77]不過，電視網(wǎng)公司允許地方電視臺(tái)在這些節(jié)目中穿插一定數(shù)量的廣告。 [12:31.97]7 It is important to all three networks that their evening news programs attract as large an audience as possible. [12:36.31]對(duì)于三大電視網(wǎng)來說，用晚間新聞來吸引最大量的觀眾群是很重要的。 [12:40.64]It is important not only because a large audience means that they can sell higher-priced commercial time on the news itself [12:44.53]這不僅僅是因?yàn)橛^眾群越大，他們?cè)谛侣剷r(shí)間里就可以把廣告費(fèi)開得更高。 [12:48.42]but also because they know that many American families [12:50.26]也是因?yàn)樗鼈冎涝S多美國家庭， [12:52.09]leave their TV dials untouched after the news. [12:54.27]看完新聞后就會(huì)關(guān)機(jī)。 [12:56.45]A popular news show will promote audiences for later entertainment shows. [12:59.40]因此，成功的新聞節(jié)目可以激發(fā)觀眾觀看新聞后的娛樂節(jié)目的興趣。 [13:02.35]8 The news must entertain. [13:03.65]新聞節(jié)目必須具有娛樂性， [13:04.94]It must be "hyped"to capture and hold audience attention with drama,action,conflict,violence,or disaster. [13:09.50]必須包含緊張的刺激、動(dòng)作、沖突、暴力、災(zāi)難等元素，以牢牢地抓住觀眾的注意力。 [13:14.05]9 Like any good entertainment show, [13:15.13]與其他所有優(yōu)秀的娛樂節(jié)目一樣， [13:16.21]a news show must have recognizable characters doing something interesting, [13:18.71]在新聞節(jié)目中觀眾要看到熟悉的人在干有趣的事兒， [13:21.22]who are involved in struggles and conflicts over important issues. [13:23.39]有誰卷入了戰(zhàn)斗，以及在重要的事情上引起的沖突等。 [13:25.57]There must be a dramatic story line,but one that can be introduced,develope [13:28.25]新聞必有一個(gè)戲劇性的故事主線，要完成導(dǎo)入、發(fā)展 [13:30.94]and concluded in less than two minute [13:32.36]結(jié)論的全過程在2分鐘之內(nèi) [13:33.78]The news must be made to appear timely,and it must be shown to affect us directly. [13:37.09]新聞還必須顯得及時(shí)，能直截了當(dāng)影響我們。 [13:40.40]10 The need to make the news entertaining results in some interesting criteria for the selection of "news". [13:44.38]為了使新聞節(jié)目更具娛樂性，在選擇新聞時(shí)要遵循以下幾條有趣的原則： [13:48.36]Violence is more "newsworthy"than nonviolence. [13:50.68]暴力比“無暴力”更有新聞價(jià)值。 [13:53.00]War,crime,conflict,and disasters excite audiences. [13:55.72]戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、犯罪、沖突、災(zāi)難能使觀眾興奮。 [13:58.44]Violent behavior is remembered better than nonviolent behavior. [14:01.00]人們更容易記住暴力。 [14:03.55]The murder and suicide of 900 Americans in Guyana in 1978 was the most remembered story of that year, [14:07.75]1978年在圭亞那900多美洲人的自殺事件是當(dāng)年被記得最牢的新聞。 [14:11.94]with 98 percent of the Gallup Poll respondents saying that they knew about the event [14:14.59]當(dāng)年的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)顯示，98%的人知道此事。 [14:17.23]A figure matched only by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 and the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in 1945. [14:22.02]這一數(shù)據(jù)與知道1941年日本襲擊珍珠港和1945年美國在日本投下原子彈的人數(shù)旗鼓相當(dāng)。 [14:26.81]·The "news"should have a direct impact on the lives of viewers. [14:29.45]新聞應(yīng)該與觀眾的生活有直接的聯(lián)系。 [14:32.10]Millions of starving people in central Africa will not get as much coverage as a hotel fire in Las Vegas. [14:35.99]中非百萬饑民不如拉斯維加斯的一次賓館大火的收視率高。 [14:39.88]Dramatic film of starving African children may help get the story on the air; [14:43.19]饑餓的非洲兒童也許能提高一點(diǎn)收視率， [14:46.50]but film of fire victims leaping to their deaths from high buildings is better. [14:49.72]但終究不如火災(zāi)受害者墜樓而死的片子有吸引力， [14:52.94]After all,nearly everyone in the United States has stayed in a hotel at one time or another, [14:56.35]畢竟，幾乎每個(gè)美國人都住過賓館， [14:59.75]but very few have gone to Africa. [15:01.55]而去過非洲的人則為數(shù)不多。 [15:03.35]Stories about celebrities are more"newsworthy"than stories about people unfamiliar to the audience. [15:06.88]“名人”的故事比無名小卒的故事更具新聞價(jià)值。 [15:10.40]Scandal,sex,accidents,personal grief,and even the daily habits of prominent and famous people make"news". [15:15.59]名人的丑聞、性、故事、個(gè)人不幸，甚至是日常生活習(xí)慣都是“新聞”。 [15:20.77]personalities are substituted for explanation. [15:22.95]新聞人物代替了新聞分析。 [15:25.13]For instance,a conflict between two countries may be symbolized as a conflict between their presidents. [15:29.07]例如，兩國之間的沖突可以用兩國元首之間的沖突來作象征。 [15:33.01]·"News"should be timely and novel. [15:34.88]新聞要及時(shí)、新奇。 [15:36.76]This only means that the "news"should not have been reported in the previous 24 hours. [15:40.10]也就是說，“新聞”不應(yīng)該在前24小時(shí)內(nèi)被播出過。 [15:43.45]Most of the evening news on all three networks is composed of "pre-planned"stories--stories about events or situations that are not spontaneou [15:49.34]三大新聞網(wǎng)的大多數(shù)晚間新聞都是事先準(zhǔn)備好了的，并非時(shí)事 [15:55.22]However insofar as possible these pre-planned stories must be made to appear novel and timely. [15:59.29]但只要將這些事先準(zhǔn)備好了的故事包裝得新奇，使其縣得及時(shí)就行了 [16:03.36]·"News"must be an event,rather than a trend or an idea. [16:06.44]“新聞”必須是事情，而非趨勢(shì)或想法。 [16:09.52]It must be an event that can be filmed and seen and heard. [16:12.41]“新聞”必須是可以被拍攝下來的，能被視覺、聽覺感知的事情。 [16:15.31]Even if inflation is the single most important problem confronting American [16:17.96]就算通貨膨脹是當(dāng)前美國面臨的頭等大事 [16:20.60]according to a national survey,this topic will be pushed aside in favor of coverage of presidential visit [16:24.35]這是根據(jù)國家調(diào)查顯示的，與下列相比它只能靠邊站：總統(tǒng)訪問 [16:28.09]ceremonial bill signings,strikes,protests,accidents,or fires for which action film is availabl [16:33.37]簽字儀式，罷工，抗議，事故或或火災(zāi)等動(dòng)作片 [16:38.64]When inflation is covered at all, [16:39.94]就算是在報(bào)道通貨膨脹時(shí)， [16:41.23]it will be through a brief announcement of newly releasedinflation figures or some interviews [16:44.22]也是通過簡(jiǎn)單通報(bào)最新發(fā)布的通貨膨脹指數(shù)或采訪， [16:47.21]with shoppers complaining of high prices. [16:48.68]抱怨物價(jià)過高的顧客來實(shí)現(xiàn)。 [16:50.16]The news chiefs are not trying to hide inflation; [16:51.96]新聞主編并非企圖掩蓋事實(shí)， [16:53.76]the problem is that inflation is not an event that produces good film. [16:56.95]只是通貨膨脹不是能拍出好片子的“事情”。 [17:00.13]·Every "news"story should have a dramatic quality--an obvious conflict between identifiable opponents. [17:04.69]每則“新聞”都應(yīng)該具有戲劇性——即應(yīng)該有明顯的對(duì)抗雙方的明顯沖突。 [17:09.24]The "news"cannot report ideas in the abstract. [17:11.35]“新聞”不能用抽象的手法來表現(xiàn)想法。 [17:13.45]Stories work better on television when there are clear antagonist [17:16.04]在電視上，效果會(huì)比較好-如果故事中有明顯的對(duì)立方 [17:18.64]especially when they are physically differen [17:20.11]特別是生理特征不同的對(duì)立方 [17:21.59]It is best when confrontation occurs between men and wome [17:23.55]此時(shí)效果會(huì)更佳：如果沖突雙方是男與女 [17:25.51]blacks and whites,young and old,rich and poo [17:27.92]黑人與白人，年輕人與年老者，富人與窮人 [17:30.34]Ideal antagonists will shout,cry,shake fists, [17:32.84]對(duì)抗者最好大喊大叫、揮舞拳頭， [17:35.34]or otherwise show intense emotions. [17:36.91]或表現(xiàn)出緊張情緒， [17:38.47]There should be"good guys"and "bad guys",and either side can be shown as winning. [17:41.60]對(duì)抗者中應(yīng)有“好人”與“壞人”之分，隨便哪一方贏都無所謂。 [17:44.74]·Finally,a "news"story must be short. [17:46.54]最后，“新聞”一定要簡(jiǎn)潔。 [17:48.34]The entire drama must be introduced,played out,and summarized in less than two minutes. [17:51.90]在二分鐘之內(nèi)，整個(gè)故事應(yīng)該完成導(dǎo)入、播放和總結(jié)的全過程。 [17:55.46]Anything longer is a "documentary". [17:57.21]超過二分鐘就成了記錄片。 [17:58.96]New Words [17:59.95]單詞 [18:00.94]affiliate v [18:01.87]使隸屬(或附屬)于 [18:02.81]antagonist n [18:03.74]對(duì)抗者，對(duì)手，敵人 [18:04.68]celebrity n [18:05.80]名人，名流 [18:06.91]ceremonial adj [18:07.99]正式的，儀式的 [18:09.07]comedy n [18:10.15]喜劇，喜劇性事件 [18:11.23]documentary n [18:12.35]記錄片 [18:13.46]hype v [18:14.63]大肆宣傳 [18:15.80]indentifiable adj [18:17.10]可辯認(rèn)的 [18:18.40]inflation n [18:19.42]通貨膨脹 [18:20.45]mostly adv [18:21.53]主要地，多半，通常 [18:22.61]newsworthy adj [18:23.72]有新聞價(jià)值的 [18:24.84]nonviolence n [18:25.92]非暴力事件，非暴力 [18:27.00]signing n [18:28.08]簽署，簽字 [18:29.16]starving adj [18:30.40]饑餓的 [18:31.64]symbolize v [18:32.94]象征，代表 [18:34.24]timely adj [18:35.26]適時(shí)的，及時(shí)的 [18:36.29]untouched adj [18:37.40]未碰過的，原封不動(dòng)的 [18:38.52]Sounding the Waters [18:39.65]追求大河兩岸的歌聲 [18:40.79]1 In the past the different types of media around the world and within the United States have usually acted independently of one another. [18:46.30]過去，不管是在全球還是在美國本土，不同的媒體往往相互獨(dú)立， [18:51.80]In fact,they have often been seen as competitors. [18:54.18]人們還往往把它們看作競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。 [18:56.56]During the 1960s and 1970s when television first became popular, [19:00.19]20世紀(jì)六、七十年代當(dāng)電視開始流行時(shí)， [19:03.83]some people predicted the "death"of radi [19:05.50]有人曾預(yù)言了有些東西將“死亡”--收音機(jī) [19:07.18]books,and newspapers,saying that television would provide the entertainmen [19:10.31]書籍，報(bào)紙，因?yàn)殡娨暷芴峁蕵? [19:13.44]knowledge and news once provided by the other medi [19:16.03]知識(shí)和新聞，這些以前是由其它媒體提供的 [19:18.62]Thankfully,this did not happen. [19:20.12]所幸的是，這一預(yù)言并未實(shí)現(xiàn)。 [19:21.61]Each had its own group of supporters; [19:23.52]每一種媒體都有自己忠實(shí)的擁護(hù)者， [19:25.43]in fact,most people read a daily newspaper, [19:27.55]大多數(shù)人都每天看報(bào)， [19:29.68]listen to the radio in their cars while driving to work or in their offices while working, [19:32.95]在驅(qū)車上班途中在車?yán)锘蚬ぷ鲿r(shí)在辦公室里聽收音機(jī)， [19:36.23]and during leisure hours read a new best-selling book or watch television. [19:39.45]閑暇時(shí)光則往往會(huì)閱讀一本暢銷書或看電視。 [19:42.67]2 It has been rare for the various media groups to work together, [19:45.05]過去各種媒體間少有合作， [19:47.42]but recently professionals within the different fields of journalism [19:50.05]但最近新聞界不同領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士已經(jīng)意識(shí)到，如果將他們的資源聯(lián)合起來，他們就能做到單干時(shí)無法做到的事。 [19:52.68]have realized that by combining their resources they could attempt projects that they could not afford to accomplish by working alone. [19:57.59]多媒體產(chǎn)品《歌之河：密西西比河音樂之旅》就是這一合作的成果。 [20:02.51]This has resulted in a multi-media production called River of Song [20:05.32]世界上每個(gè)大洲都有自己引以為豪的河流——如中國有長江、黃河，北非有尼羅河，南美有亞馬遜河。 [20:08.12]A Musical Journey down the Mississipi.Each continent of the world has its river or rivers of note--the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in china, the Nile river in North Africa,and the Amazon River in south Amrica. [20:17.48]提到北美，當(dāng)然要數(shù)密西西比河了?！陡柚印肥且徊坑涗浧?。 [20:26.84]In North America it is without doubt the Mississippi River. River of song is a documentary production. [20:35.88]It consists of a four-hour,four-part television series to be shown on Public Television. [20:39.88]全片包括四部分，每部分長達(dá)四小時(shí)，不久將在大眾文化教育電視上播放。 [20:43.87]3 The text for River of Song was written by Elijah Wald,a music critic for the Boston Glob [20:48.10]《歌之河》的文字部分由厄里亞。伍爾德撰寫。他是一名音樂批評(píng)家，專為《全球》撰寫文章 [20:52.33]a newspaper long noted for its support of the art [20:54.74]《全球》因?yàn)橹С炙囆g(shù)而久負(fù)盛名 [20:57.16]In addition to the television series,there is a corresponding seven-hou [21:00.14]除了電視系列片外，收音機(jī)還播放相對(duì)應(yīng)的7小時(shí) [21:03.13]seven-part series airing on Public Radio,a 36-song,two CD soundtrack,and a 352-page boo [21:09.45]包括7部分的廣播節(jié)目，一套兩張錄有36首歌曲的光盤和一本厚達(dá)352頁的書 [21:15.77]Although different media are involved,their focus remains the same:to document the musical traditions that thrive on the banks of the Missippi, [21:21.42]雖然《歌之河》涉及到的媒體不少，但所有這些媒體的焦點(diǎn)是一致的：“記錄下密西西比河兩岸繁榮的音樂傳統(tǒng)， [21:27.07]from Lake Itasca in the northern state of Minnesota,the river's source, [21:30.06]從大河源頭(北部明尼斯塔州的艾塔斯卡河)， [21:33.05]to where the waters empty into the Gulf of mexico in the state of Louisiana. [21:35.95]一直追尋到路易斯安那州大河匯入墨西哥灣。 [21:38.84]4 Although the series is a documentary,viewers, [21:40.84]雖然這一系屬紀(jì)實(shí)性，但觀眾， [21:42.84]listeners and readers will be happy to find that they will not be overwhelmed with numerous dates and event [21:46.98]聽眾和讀者都會(huì)高興的發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不會(huì)被淹沒，被數(shù)不清的日期、事件 [21:51.12]with old balck-and-white photos,or serious lectures given by earnest Hollywood actor [21:55.15]黑白照片或表情嚴(yán)肅的好萊塢演員的說教淹沒 [21:59.18]The story is tole through a series of lively personal portrai [22:01.60]該系列以生動(dòng)的人物形象為主線 [22:04.01]of the musicians who live in the cities and towns along the Mississippi Rive [22:06.73]該音樂家們居住在密西西比河沿岸城市和小鎮(zhèn)上 [22:09.44]The audience gets to know these musicians not as mere representatives of musican trends and types. [22:13.26]觀眾們會(huì)逐步了解到這些音樂家不是單純意義上的音樂潮流與趨勢(shì)的代表， [22:17.08]but as regular people trying to make a living with their music. [22:19.25]而是一些靠音樂謀生的普通人。 [22:21.43]In the television series they are seen sweating through their performances, [22:23.93]在電視系列片中，人們會(huì)看到這些人或大汗淋漓地表演， [22:26.44]going about their daily routine, [22:27.84]或做著日?，嵤?， [22:29.24]or sitting around their living rooms making music with their friends. [22:31.57]或圍在房間里與朋友們一起擺弄音樂。 [22:33.89]5 Both the television and radio productions are narrated by a folk guitarist,Ani DiFranco. [22:37.49]這一系列的電視版，廣播版都是由一位叫迪弗朗科的鄉(xiāng)村吉它手配的音。 [22:41.09]She believes that beneath whatever is currently popular in the music of any society, [22:44.22]她認(rèn)為，在任何社會(huì)的任何流行音樂元素下， [22:47.35]there is always an"undercurrent"of music coming from the people. [22:49.82]都有一股來自群眾的音樂潛流。 [22:52.28]She says that this is the "sound of culture itself in the streets,bars,gyms,churche [22:55.92]她還說，處處都有來自文化的聲音：在街上，酒吧里，操場(chǎng)上，教堂里 [22:59.56]and back porches of the real world [23:00.96]在塵世中的隱蔽處 [23:02.36]The musicians are generally not superstars. [23:04.18]這些音樂家一般來說并非什么巨星。 [23:06.00]A few of them might deserve a chance to perform to national audiences on television or other-wise, [23:09.42]有幾位應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)在電視上或其他媒體上露臉， [23:12.84]but most of them are content to be known only locally. [23:15.16]但他們大多數(shù)對(duì)在本地有名的現(xiàn)狀很滿足。 [23:17.48]They show a commitment to music that is deeper than that of a celebrity:for the [23:20.71]和名人相比，他們表現(xiàn)出對(duì)音樂更深切的獻(xiàn)身精神，對(duì)他們來說 [23:23.93]music isn't simply a means to acquire wealth or fam [23:26.16]音樂不僅僅是謀取財(cái)富和名氣的途徑 [23:28.39]It's a method of preserving traditions and a way of life. [23:30.86]音樂是一種保留傳統(tǒng)的方式和一種生活方式。 [23:33.32]As one Louisiana musician appearing in the series says,"We,the young generation, [23:36.83]正如一位在系列劇中出現(xiàn)過的來自路易斯安那的音樂家所說的：“我們年輕人， [23:40.34]are the glue that keeps the culture going. [23:41.80]是促使文化繼續(xù)發(fā)展的粘合劑。 [23:43.26]If we don't continue playing the music,it's going to be lost." [23:45.85]如果我們不繼續(xù)演奏，那么這些音樂將很快被遺忘?！? [23:48.44]6 The music and musicians are varied in the series. [23:50.26]在這一系列劇中出現(xiàn)了各式各樣的聲音和各式各樣的音樂家。 [23:52.08]There are African drummers, [23:53.16]有非洲音樂鼓手， [23:54.24]rock and roll guitarists,accordionists,blues singers,choirs,brass bands, [23:58.24]搖滾樂吉他手，手風(fēng)琴演奏者，布魯斯歌手，合唱團(tuán)、銅管樂隊(duì)， [24:02.23]and folk fiddlers,to name only a few,all of whom love along the Mississippi River. [24:05.45]和民樂小提琴手，這些僅僅是其中的一部分，他們?nèi)季幼≡诿芪魑鞅群友匕丁? [24:08.68]They often remind their audience that the Mississippi has long been associated with music, [24:11.75]這些音樂家常使人們覺得密西西比河自古就與音樂相伴。 [24:14.83]Over one hundred years ago,when Mark Twain wrote about life along the big river, [24:17.78]一百多年前當(dāng)馬克·吐溫描寫大河兩岸的生活時(shí)， [24:20.74]the big steam-powered paddle-wheeled boats made their way along it. [24:23.11]龐大的蒸氣動(dòng)力明船在大河上下穿梭， [24:25.49]The passengers were usually entertained by musicians playing the local music. [24:28.26]而乘客們則以聽音樂家演奏當(dāng)?shù)匾魳窞闃罚? [24:31.03]One of these paddle wheelers,the Delta Queen,built in 1926,still makes a trip between St.Loui [24:35.26]如今，有一艘建于1926年的名叫三角洲女王號(hào)的明輪船，仍穿梭于圣路易 [24:39.49]Missouri,and St.Paul,Minnesot [24:41.25]和密勒索塔的圣保羅之間 [24:43.02]Like one hundred years ago,the passengers enjoy both the scenery and the music. [24:45.74]和一百年前的情形一樣，乘客們不僅可以享受美景，也可以欣賞音樂。 [24:48.45]7 River of Song concludes with rather sad music. [24:50.58]《歌之河》以較悲傷的音樂結(jié)束。 [24:52.70]On an island at the mouth of the Mississippi, [24:54.43]在密西西比河的河口處有一個(gè)小島。 [24:56.16]the audience meets Irvan and Allen Perez, [24:58.16]在那兒，觀眾可以看到(聽到)一對(duì)名叫艾凡·皮赫和艾倫·皮赫的， [25:00.16]two cousins who belong to a group of Spanish-speaking people who first settled in Louisiana 200 years ago. [25:04.24]表兄弟，他們是在200多年前在安易斯安那州安家落戶的講西班牙語人的后裔。 [25:08.33]The Perezes are fishermen. [25:09.64]兩兄弟都是漁民。 [25:10.96]As they work,they sing unaccompanied by musical instruments. [25:13.33]他們邊工作、邊唱歌，不需要任何樂器伴奏。 [25:15.71]Their songs are usually 10 stanzas long and are mostly in Spanish. [25:18.39]他們的歌大多用西班牙語演唱，有時(shí)歌長達(dá)10節(jié)。 [25:21.07]They sing of shrimp boats and fur trappers,bad weather and home mortgages. [25:24.35]他們歌唱捕蝦船和獵獸者，唱壞天氣和家里欠的債。 [25:27.62]Their voices are strong and pure. [25:28.99]他們的聲音雄渾而純凈。 [25:30.36]The following are two translated lines from a song that Allen sings:"Against this trapper are mosquitoes and high water. [25:35.22]以下是艾倫唱的兩句歌詞，翻譯過來就是：“這個(gè)獵獸者周圍都是蚊子和暴漲的河水。 [25:40.08]And to finish him completely,the bank sends him a letter." [25:42.58]河岸給他發(fā)了通知，讓他徹底完蛋?！? [25:45.08]It is a sad song but still hopeful. [25:46.94]這支悲傷的歌仍然充滿了希望。 [25:48.79]His performance reminds the listener that American music is broad and big, [25:51.38]他的演唱讓人不由覺得美國音樂是如此寬廣、宏大。 [25:53.97]like a river,and it keeps flowing. [25:55.88]就像一條不斷流淌的河。 [25:57.79]Pop music,when compared to the music immortalized through River of Song, [26:00.65]與《歌之河》中不朽的音樂相比起來，流行音樂， [26:03.52]suddenly seems worth no more than just a glass of water from the tap. [26:05.93]忽然就像從塞子里流出來的一杯水一樣渺小。 [26:08.34]Many people in the United States plan to watch the series on television, [26:10.89]許多身在美國的人都準(zhǔn)備通過電視， [26:13.45]listen to it on the radio, [26:14.64]廣播來收看， [26:15.83]read about it in the books as well as in newspapers and magazines which has covered this event enthusiastically, [26:19.55]收聽這一系列節(jié)目或通過看書和熱情報(bào)告這一事件的報(bào)紙雜志了解這一節(jié)目。 [26:23.28]and then purchase the CD in order that they may continue to enjoy the results of multi-media cooperation. [26:27.69]最后再買一套光盤，以便能繼續(xù)享受這一多種媒體合作的成果。 [26:32.10]New Words [26:32.82]單詞 [26:33.54]accordionist n [26:34.58]手風(fēng)琴演奏者，手風(fēng)琴演奏家 [26:35.63]best-selling adj [26:36.81]暢銷的 [26:38.00]brass n [26:38.99]1)銅管樂器 2)黃銅 [26:39.98]corresponding adj [26:41.12]相應(yīng)的，相當(dāng)?shù)? [26:42.25]earnest adj [26:43.06]認(rèn)真的，誠懇的 [26:43.87]fiddler n [26:44.73]小提琴手 [26:45.60]fisherman n [26:46.41]漁民，漁夫 [26:47.22]guitarist n [26:48.35]吉他手 [26:49.49]gym n [26:50.48]體育館，健身房 [26:51.47]immortalize n [26:52.42]使不朽，使名垂千古 [26:53.37]journalism n [26:54.24]新聞業(yè)，新聞工作 [26:55.10]mosquito n [26:56.15]蚊子 [26:57.19]multi-media adj [26:58.56]多媒體的 [26:59.93]narrate v [27:00.83]敘述，解說 [27:01.73]noted adj [27:02.68]著名的，有聲望的 [27:03.63]overwhelm v [27:04.95]使不知所措，使受不了 [27:06.26]scenery n [27:07.13]風(fēng)景，景色 [27:07.99]stanza n [27:08.85](詩的)節(jié) [27:09.72]trapper n [27:10.62]設(shè)陷阱捕獸者 [27:11.52]unaccompanied adj [27:12.51]無伴奏的 [27:13.50]undercurrent n [27:14.36]1)暗流 2)潛流 [27:15.23]The Power of the Press [27:16.45]新聞界的威力 [27:17.67]1 One of the biggest misunderstandings about the press in that it deals almost exclusively with news. [27:21.99]人們對(duì)新聞界存在一些錯(cuò)誤的想法。其中最大的一個(gè)誤解是認(rèn)為新聞界只報(bào)道新聞。 [27:26.31]2 Another big misunderstanding is that the press has enormous power. [27:29.09]另一個(gè)誤解是認(rèn)為新聞界威力無比。 [27:31.86]This delusion is persistent and widespread. [27:34.23]這誤解根深蒂固，分布廣泛。 [27:36.61]It is taken for granted by the public-at-large, [27:38.25]公眾把新聞界的影響力看成是理所當(dāng)然的， [27:39.89]who are apt to be impressed by anything that is said as few as three times; [27:43.61]任何事情只要說過三遍，就會(huì)使他們產(chǎn)生深刻印象。 [27:47.34]it is continually advertised by the press itself,and it is promoted by press management, [27:50.97]新聞界本身也不斷地宣傳它的影響力，而且掌管新聞界的人也推波助瀾， [27:54.61]at least some of whom should know better. [27:56.25]至少他們中的某些人深知其中的奧妙。 [27:57.89]A national commission examining the freedom of the press in the United States not only accepted the press's self-evaluation [28:02.96]一個(gè)檢測(cè)美國新聞界自由度高低的國家委員會(huì)接受了新聞界的自我評(píng)估， [28:08.04]but also was alarmed by what they perceived as the great power of the press. [28:11.46]也對(duì)其認(rèn)為的“新聞界的威力”而感到吃驚。 [28:14.88]The commission concluded: [28:15.96]這個(gè)委員會(huì)下了如下的結(jié)論： [28:17.04]We have the impression that the American people do not realize what has happened to them. [28:20.49]“我們覺得美國人并不知道發(fā)生了什么。他們不知道交流革命已經(jīng)開始了。 [28:23.95]They are not aware that the communication revolution has occurred. [28:26.36]他們不知道新聞界的新設(shè)備和新方法正影響著自己的生活， [28:28.77]They do not appreciate the tremendous power which the new instruments and the new organization of the press place in the hands of a few men. [28:33.96]而這些新設(shè)備和新組織方法掌握在少數(shù)人手中。 [28:39.14]3 In what way is the press supposed to be so powerful? [28:41.37]為什么人們認(rèn)為新聞界有如此大的影響力? [28:43.61]The general notion is that the press can form, [28:45.64]人們普遍認(rèn)為新聞界本身就可以形成， [28:47.67]control,or at least strongly influence public opinion. [28:50.36]掌握，至少可以較強(qiáng)地影響公眾的思想。 [28:53.04]Can it really do any of these things? [28:54.62]新聞界真的可以做這上些事嗎? [28:56.21]Hugh Cudlipp, [28:57.16]休·克尼浦 [28:58.11]editorial director of The London Daily Mirror and a man who should know something about the effect of newspapers on public opinion, [29:02.67]作為《倫敦每日鏡報(bào)》的主編，他是一個(gè)理應(yīng)對(duì)新聞界影響立較熟悉的人， [29:07.22]does't share this general notion about their power. [29:09.69]他不同意對(duì)新聞界影響力的普遍看法。 [29:12.15]He thinks newspapers can echo and stimulate popular feelings that already exist, [29:15.88]他認(rèn)為，新聞界可以反映并刺激已經(jīng)存在的公眾感受， [29:19.61]but they probably can't do much more than this. [29:21.60]但僅限于此。 [29:23.60]"A newspaper may successfully accelerate but never reverse the popular attitude that common sense has given to the public." [29:28.52]“新聞界可能可以成功地失主動(dòng)公眾從常識(shí)中得到的普遍態(tài)度的發(fā)展，但決不能改變它?！? [29:33.43]In short,it can jump on the bandwagon,once the bandwagon's under way,and urge others to jump aboard too; [29:37.89]總之，只要彩車在運(yùn)動(dòng)，新聞界就可以跳上彩車并鼓動(dòng)別人也跳上去， [29:42.36]but it can't start the bandwagon rolling or change its direction after it's started. [29:45.58]但新聞界無法使彩車動(dòng)起來或改變其運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。 [29:48.80]4 Like habit-forming pills,the press can stimulate or depress,but it cannot cure. [29:53.07]和習(xí)慣性服用的藥片一樣，新聞界能起到激發(fā)或抑制的作用。但卻無法治愈疾病。 [29:57.33]It can fan fear and hatred of another nation(when the fear and hatred are there, [30:00.70]它能煽動(dòng)公眾的恐懼感或?qū)α硪粐业某鸷薷?當(dāng)恐懼感與仇恨感已經(jīng)存在， [30:04.07]waiting to be fanned)but it cannot make peace. [30:06.44]并等待著別人去煽動(dòng)時(shí))，但它卻不能帶來和平。 [30:08.82]As more and more people who have been victims of the press's unkind words have found out, [30:12.60]越來越多的被新聞界惡語傷害過的人都發(fā)現(xiàn)， [30:16.38]the press has a nasty kind of power-the same kind of power a bully has, [30:20.01]新聞界有一種令人厭惡的恃強(qiáng)凌弱的影響力， [30:23.65]of hurting somebody smaller and weaker than himself. [30:25.92]傷害比自己弱小的人。 [30:28.19]An individual's only defense against the press is the law of libel, [30:31.37]個(gè)人對(duì)新聞界唯一的反抗方式就是搬出《反誹謗法》， [30:34.56]but considerable harm and much pain can be caused without going so far as to commit libel that can be taken to court for judgment. [30:39.89]但在不違反法律不上法庭的條件下，仍有人會(huì)對(duì)他人造成巨大的傷害和痛苦。 [30:45.21]Journalists themselves generally have a horror of being interviewed, [30:48.44]記者們往往害怕被人采訪， [30:51.66]written up or even noticed by the press--they know too well from their own experience [30:55.35]被人寫進(jìn)報(bào)道，甚至害怕引起新聞界的注意——因?yàn)樗麄儚淖约旱慕?jīng)歷中深深地體會(huì)到， [30:59.04]how inept and cruel a distortion the result is likely to be. [31:02.08]結(jié)果將是多么荒謬和歪曲。 [31:05.12]Nine times out of ten,as they know ,ineptness is to blame rather than conscious cruelty; [31:09.41]他們知道，十有八九人們會(huì)歸咎于愚蠢拙劣，而不會(huì)指責(zé)為故意傷害。 [31:13.69]but there is always that tenth case. [31:15.24]但故意傷害的情況總是存在的。 [31:16.79]And a careless friendly hand can be as heavy as an unfriendly fist. [31:20.30]一只粗心的友好之手可能和一只不友好的拳頭一樣會(huì)把人擊垮。 [31:23.81]The press is often like a clumsy giant who gives you a pat on the back and knocks the wind out of yo [31:27.84]新聞界就象一位笨拙的巨人，輕輕地拍了一下你的背，就能壓得你喘不過氣來 [31:31.87]if he doesn't cause internal injure [31:33.51]如果不是讓你留下內(nèi)傷的話 [31:35.15]I remember once coming upon an elderly professor of my university who had just been written up by the paper I worked on. [31:39.88]我記得曾經(jīng)遇到一位我大學(xué)的老教授。他剛剛上了報(bào)紙，而我當(dāng)時(shí)又在這家報(bào)社工作。 [31:44.61]When he saw me,tears came into his eyes,and he said,"What have I done ? [31:47.35]他看到我，淚水涌上了他的眼眶?！拔覍?duì)他們?cè)趺蠢? [31:50.09]What about have I done to deserve this?" [31:51.40]他們?cè)趺催@樣對(duì)我?” [31:52.71]He was deeply wounded by the article and regarded it as an extremely unkind stereotype. [31:56.71]他被關(guān)于他的文章深深地傷害了，對(duì)認(rèn)為那篇文施展充滿惡意。 [32:00.71]Knowing that it had been written by one of his former students who liked and admired the professor, [32:03.69]我知道那篇文章是由他以前的一位學(xué)生寫的，而那位學(xué)生十分喜愛并崇拜他。 [32:06.68]I tried to reassure him that it was least kindly meant; [32:09.15]我努力勸說他，說那篇文章本意是好的， [32:11.61]I don't think I succeeded. [32:12.60]但所有的勸說都不頂用。 [32:13.59]5 The press has the power to stimulate,alarm,enrage,amuse,humiliate,annoy, [32:18.06]新聞界有激動(dòng)，警告，激怒，娛樂，侮辱的作用， [32:22.52]even to drive a person out of his community or his job. [32:24.90]甚至能把某人趕出其集體或令其失去工作， [32:27.27]But of the stronger power to which it pretends and of which the press bosses dream-to make and break governments, [32:31.59]但它假裝出來的及新聞界老總們夢(mèng)想的威力——如建立或推翻政府， [32:35.91]to influence an election,to stop a war or start a revolution--there is no real evidence. [32:39.69]影響選舉結(jié)果，結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，或發(fā)動(dòng)革命——并不存在。 [32:43.47]The power of which it is accused does not really exist. [32:46.10]人們所指南的“新聞界的威力”也并不存在。 [32:48.73]Professor David Mitrany,speaking on "The Press and International Relations", [32:51.59]大衛(wèi)·米德尼教授在《新聞界與國際關(guān)系》的演講中， [32:54.45]put the case with irony: [32:55.77]以諷刺的口吻解釋了這一事實(shí)。 [32:57.08]There is no need to spend time in an attempt to show how great is the influence of the press. [33:00.12]“沒有必要花時(shí)間花力氣在新聞界影響力上糾纏。 [33:03.17]It is greater in certain fields than in others. [33:04.84]新聞界在某些方面影響力大，在其他方向則影響力小。 [33:06.51]It is greater,one could say, [33:07.83]我們可以說，公眾哪一方面知識(shí)少， [33:09.14]in any field in which the knowledge and interest of the man in the street is lesser. [33:12.36]哪方面興趣淡，那新聞界的影響力就大， [33:15.59]For in that case the reading public is apt to think that the press speaks with authority; [33:19.13]因?yàn)樵谀欠N情況下，人們會(huì)習(xí)慣性地認(rèn)為新聞界的話有權(quán)威性， [33:22.68]while the authorities are apt to assume that the press is speaking with the voice of the people. [33:25.54]而權(quán)威們則習(xí)慣性地認(rèn)為新聞界是站在公眾的立場(chǎng)上講話?！? [33:28.40]6 Everyone has heard of the "power of the press"; [33:30.58]每個(gè)人都聽說過“新聞界的威力”一說， [33:32.76]no one has seen it. [33:33.66]但并沒有人真正看見過它。 [33:34.56]The greatest believers in this exaggerated"power"and the loudest promoters of it are, [33:38.16]篤信并極力吹捧被夸大的“威力”的人，當(dāng)然要數(shù) [33:41.76]naturally,the press bosses themselves. [33:43.61]新聞界的老總們了。 [33:45.47]An example of this was Robert McCormick,publisher of The Chicago Tribune. [33:48.33]《芝加哥論壇報(bào)》的羅伯特·麥考密克就是一例。 [33:51.19]McCormick and,of course, [33:52.09]麥考密克和， [33:52.99]his paper were always in bitter opposition to the Democrats as well as to the liberal part of the Republican Party. [33:57.49]他的報(bào)紙總是尖刻地反對(duì)民主黨以及共和黨自由派。 [34:01.99]A story used to be told about the Tribune that one of the janitors in the Tribune building [34:04.80]曾有一個(gè)關(guān)于《論壇》的故事說，有個(gè)《論壇》大廈的看門人， [34:07.61]always bet against any political candidate the paper supported, [34:09.89]《論壇》支持什么人，他就同別人打賭，反對(duì)什么人。 [34:12.18]and that the he found his betting so profitable that he was able to buy two sizable blocks of apartment building. [34:16.44]他打的賭給他帶來了滾滾財(cái)源，使他買了兩棟大房子! [34:20.71]7 The people in Chicago who bought the Tribune didn't buy it to find out how to cast their votes; [34:24.04]買《論壇》的芝加哥人并不是為了知道該如何投票。 [34:27.37]they bought it in spite of its advice and its bias, [34:29.37]盡管《論壇》上有不少建議和有失偏頗的意見， [34:31.37]because on the whole they liked its personality and found it entertaining. [34:33.96]但讀者們正是沖著它的娛樂性的特點(diǎn)買來看的。 [34:36.55]Does this seem to argue a too shrewd,calm and sensible attitude on the part of the ordinary newspaper reader? [34:40.64]這好像是在說普通讀者的態(tài)度太尖刻、太冷靜、太感性了吧! [34:44.72]The press is generally appreciated by the public for what it is rather for what it pretends to be. [34:48.41]人們之所以喜歡新聞界，不是喜歡它的偽裝，而是因?yàn)樾侣動(dòng)衅浔旧淼拿婵住? [34:52.10]They don't feel it as a power in their lives,but as a working-day prerequisite. [34:55.32]人們不認(rèn)為新聞界對(duì)他們的生活有影響，而只把它看作是工作日的必備品罷了。 [34:58.55]New Words [34:59.45]單詞 [35:00.35]bandwagon n [35:01.48]1)運(yùn)動(dòng)，浪潮 2)樂隊(duì)彩車，宣傳車 [35:02.61]bully n [35:03.39]恃強(qiáng)凌弱的人 [35:04.16]clumsy adj [35:05.06]笨拙的 [35:05.96]cruelty n [35:06.83]殘酷，殘忍 [35:07.69]Democrat n [35:08.59]US民主黨人 [35:09.49]depress v [35:10.57]使沮喪，使憂郁 [35:11.65]hatred n [35:12.61]憎惡，仇恨 [35:13.56]humiliate v [35:14.69]羞辱，使丟臉 [35:15.83]inept adj [35:17.05]不恰當(dāng)?shù)模闹嚨?，拙劣? [35:18.28]ineptness n [35:19.27]荒謬，拙劣 [35:20.26]janitor n [35:21.16]照管房屋或辦公室的工人，清潔工 [35:22.06]libel n [35:22.87]誹謗 [35:23.68]opposition n [35:24.63]反對(duì) [35:25.58]prerequisite n [35:26.54]必備條件，先決條件，前提 [35:27.49]profitable adj [35:28.45]有利可圖的，有益的 [35:29.40]promoter n [35:30.26]支持者，提倡者 [35:31.13]publisher n [35:32.32]出版商，發(fā)行人 [35:33.50]Republican adj & n [35:34.49]共和黨的，共和黨人 [35:35.48]tribune n [35:36.53](常用于報(bào)刊名)論壇，講壇 [35:37.57]unfriendly adj [35:38.76]不友好的，有敵意的

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