國(guó)務(wù)院：六大舉措規(guī)范完善失信約束制度

日前召開的國(guó)務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議，確定完善失信約束制度(the mechanism for deterring acts of bad faith)、健全社會(huì)信用體系(the social credit system)的措施，為發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)提供支撐。

圖片來(lái)源：SIPA

會(huì)議明確了六方面措施：

Administrative departments must determine acts of bad faith on the basis of legally binding documents.

行政機(jī)關(guān)將特定行為納入公共信用信息，必須嚴(yán)格以法律、法規(guī)等為依據(jù)。

The scope and procedures for sharing credit information will be standardized. The principle of legality and necessity will be observed when deciding whether and to what extent credit information is shared and disclosed.

規(guī)范信用信息共享公開范圍和程序。信用信息是否及在何種范圍共享和公開要堅(jiān)持合法、必要原則。

【單詞講解】

Credit這個(gè)詞用法很多，在學(xué)校里多用來(lái)表示“學(xué)分”，比如：He enrolled in a documentary course worth 20 credits(他修了一門紀(jì)錄片的課程，有20個(gè)學(xué)分);此外，credit還可以用來(lái)表示銀行賬戶的“余額”或“信用、信譽(yù)”，比如：Jacob found out his bank account was out of credit.(Jacob 銀行卡里沒(méi)有余額了)，銀行通常在給人貸款之前會(huì)進(jìn)行 “credit check 信用審查”，并給申請(qǐng)者一個(gè) “信用評(píng)分 credit score 或 credit rating”;另外，credit還有一個(gè)常用意思就是 “贊揚(yáng)、認(rèn)可、功勞、榮譽(yù)”，比如：You should take all the credits for this accomplishment(這個(gè)成就應(yīng)該完全歸功于你)。

The identification of lists of entities that have carried out serious acts of bad faith will be better regulated. The list will be limited to those who put public health and safety in grave jeopardy, seriously sabotage fair market competition order or disrupt normal social order. The list will not be willfully expanded without authorization.

規(guī)范嚴(yán)重失信主體名單認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，按照有關(guān)規(guī)定嚴(yán)格限定為嚴(yán)重危害群眾身體健康和生命安全、嚴(yán)重破壞市場(chǎng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)秩序和社會(huì)正常秩序等方面的責(zé)任主體，不得擅自增加或擴(kuò)展。具體認(rèn)定要嚴(yán)格履行程序。

Punishment against bad-faith acts will be enforced in accordance with laws and regulations, to make sure that penalties are meted out commensurate with dishonest behaviors.

依法依規(guī)開展失信懲戒，確保過(guò)懲相當(dāng)。

【單詞講解】

這里的commensurate是形容詞，表示“(在大小、重要性、質(zhì)量等方面)相稱的”，通常與with連用，比如：a salary that is commensurate with skills and experience(與技能經(jīng)驗(yàn)相匹配的薪水)。

A credit repair mechanism will be established. Entities will be allowed to fix negative credit records, unless otherwise stipulated by laws and regulations, should they correct dishonest behaviors and eliminate their adverse impact.

建立有利于自我糾錯(cuò)的信用修復(fù)機(jī)制。除法律法規(guī)等另有規(guī)定外，失信主體按要求糾正失信行為、消除不良影響的均可申請(qǐng)信用修復(fù)。

The meeting underlined the need to strengthen information security and privacy protection. Illegal collection and transaction of credit information will be strictly cracked down on.

加強(qiáng)信息安全和隱私保護(hù)。嚴(yán)厲打擊非法收集、買賣信用信息違法行為。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

個(gè)人信息 personal information

社會(huì)信用體系 social credit system

失信行為 dishonest conduct

失信黑名單制度 blacklisting system for dishonesty

市場(chǎng)性懲戒 market-oriented punishment

實(shí)名制 real-name system

個(gè)人信用信息 personal credit information

個(gè)人信用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) personal credit database