人口老齡化如何應對？國家規(guī)劃來了

近日，中共中央、國務院印發(fā)了《國家積極應對人口老齡化中長期規(guī)劃》(以下簡稱《規(guī)劃》)?！兑?guī)劃》近期至2022年，中期至2035年，遠期展望至2050年，是到本世紀中葉我國積極應對人口老齡化的戰(zhàn)略性、綜合性、指導性文件。

湖北省襄陽市一所老年大學的學員在學習舞蹈(圖片來源：視覺中國)

The plan requires establishing the basic institutional framework for tackling population aging by 2022. By the middle of the century, a mature institutional arrangement that meets the needs of a great modern socialist country should be put into place.

《規(guī)劃》明確，到2022年，我國積極應對人口老齡化的制度框架初步建立;到本世紀中葉，與社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國相適應的應對人口老齡化制度安排成熟完備。

【知識點】

人口老齡化(population aging)是世界各國都在面臨的一個社會現(xiàn)象。聯(lián)合國《2019世界人口展望》的數(shù)據(jù)顯示：

By 2050, one in six people in the world will be over age 65 (16%), up from one in 11 in 2019 (9%). By 2050, one in four persons living in Europe and Northern America could be aged 65 or over.

到2050年，65歲以上人口占全世界總人口的比例將由2019年的9%上升到16%，歐美地區(qū)65歲以上人口將占該地區(qū)總人口的四分之一。

In 2018, for the first time in history, persons aged 65 or above outnumbered children under five years of age globally. The number of persons aged 80 years or over is projected to triple, from 143 million in 2019 to 426 million in 2050.

2018年，全世界65歲以上人口的總數(shù)首次超過5歲以下人口總數(shù)。預計到2050年，80歲以上人口總數(shù)將是2019年的三倍，由1.43億增加至4.26億。

《規(guī)劃》從5個方面部署了應對人口老齡化的具體工作任務。

一是夯實應對人口老齡化的社會財富儲備。

It calls for improving the national income distribution system, steadily increasing the pension reserves and establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system.

通過完善國民收入分配體系，穩(wěn)步增加養(yǎng)老財富儲備，健全更加公平更可持續(xù)的社會保障制度。

二是改善人口老齡化背景下的勞動力有效供給。

This requires improving the quality of new members of the labor force, establishing a lifelong learning system for senior citizens, and striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs.

通過提升新增勞動力質(zhì)量、構建老有所學的終身學習體系，實現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量和更加充分就業(yè)。

三是打造高質(zhì)量的為老服務和產(chǎn)品供給體系。

A high-quality health service system including health education, disease prevention and treatment, rehabilitation nursing, long-term nursing and hospice care should be established, according to the plan.

建立和完善包括健康教育、預防保健、疾病診治、康復護理、長期照護、安寧療護的高質(zhì)量老年健康服務體系。

四是強化應對人口老齡化的科技創(chuàng)新能力。

The plan also values the application of technology in responding to population aging including strengthening the development of assistive technologies for senior citizens.

加大老年健康科技支撐力度，加強老年輔助技術研發(fā)和應用。

五是構建養(yǎng)老、孝老、敬老的社會環(huán)境。

It also calls for fostering a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. The legal system will be improved to protect the lawful rights and interests of senior citizens.

建設養(yǎng)老、敬老、讓老人安度晚年的社會環(huán)境，強化應對人口老齡化的法治環(huán)境，保障老年人合法權益。

【相關詞匯】

人口老齡化 population aging

高齡津貼 old age allowance

社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務 community-based elderly care

老有所養(yǎng) care for the elderly