“共和國勛章”和國家榮譽稱號建議人選公示 屠呦呦、袁隆平等入選
Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, at her home in Beijing. [Photo/Xinhua]
Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, has been nominated for China's Medal of the Republic.
因發(fā)現青蒿素而獲得2015年諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎的我國科學家屠呦呦入選“共和國勛章”建議名單。
Besides Tu, seven other role models have been nominated for the honor, including Zhang Fuqing, a 94-year-old war hero who served as a soldier in the Chinese People's Liberation Army during the Liberation War (1946-49) and was twice awarded the title of "Combat Hero", and Yuan Longping, a Chinese agricultural expert who is also called the "father of hybrid rice".
除屠呦呦以外，入選“共和國勛章”建議名單的還有94歲的張富清以及我國農業(yè)專家、“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平等七人。張富清在解放戰(zhàn)爭的槍林彈雨中多次榮立戰(zhàn)功，榮獲“戰(zhàn)斗英雄”稱號兩次。
Another 28 figures have been nominated for a national honorary title.
另有28人入選國家榮譽稱號建議人選。
Nan Rendong was the chief scientist of the project. [Photo provided to China Daily]
Among the candidates are Nan Rendong, the founding scientist of China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST); Tung Chee-hwa, the first chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and Cheng Kaijia, a nuclear weapons expert who participated in experiments of the country's first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and the combination of the two bombs.
其中包括500米口徑球面射電望遠鏡(FAST)工程概念提出者南仁東，香港特別行政區(qū)首位行政長官董建華，以及我國核武器事業(yè)的開拓者、參與和主持首次原子彈、氫彈試驗，以及“兩彈”結合飛行試驗的核武器專家程開甲。
【我國的功勛榮譽表彰體系】
自黨的十八大以來，為建立起中國特色功勛榮譽表彰體系，黨中央確立了“1+1+3”的制度建設方案。即，黨中央制定一個指導性文件，全國人大常委會制定一部法律，有關方面分別制定黨內、國家、軍隊3個功勛榮譽表彰條例。
當前，中國確立了以“五章一簿”為主干的統一、規(guī)范、權威的功勛榮譽表彰制度體系。
“五章”是指“共和國勛章(the Medal of the Republic)”、“七一勛章(the July 1 Medal)”、“八一勛章(the August 1 Medal)”、“友誼勛章(the Friendship Medal)”以及國家榮譽稱號(national titles of honor);“一簿”是指功勛簿(Book of Merit)。
“共和國勛章(the Medal of the Republic)”
授予為黨、國家和人民的事業(yè)作出巨大貢獻、功勛卓著的杰出人士(those with great contributions and distinguished service for the Party, the country and the people)，這是根據憲法法律規(guī)定，由全國人大常委會決定、國家主席簽發(fā)證書并頒授的國家勛章，是國家最高榮譽(the highest honor of the country)。
“七一勛章(the July 1 Medal)”
授予在中國特色社會主義偉大事業(yè)和黨的建設新的偉大工程中作出杰出貢獻的黨員(CPC members who have made great contributions to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the construction of the CPC)，這是由中共中央決定、中共中央總書記簽發(fā)證書并頒授的黨內最高榮譽(the highest honor of the CPC)。
“八一勛章(the August 1 Medal)”(于2017年7月28日首次頒授)
授予在維護國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益，推進國防和軍隊現代化建設中建立卓越功勛的軍隊人員(servicemen and women who have strongly safeguarded the country's sovereignty, national security and benefit, and who have made outstanding contributions to the development of national defense and the modernization of the military)，這是由中央軍委決定、中央軍委主席簽發(fā)證書并頒授的軍隊最高榮譽(the highest honor of the military)。
2017年7月28日，在中國人民解放軍建軍90周年之際，中央軍委首次頒授“八一勛章”，麥賢得、馬偉明、李中華、王忠心、景海鵬、程開甲、韋昌進、王剛、冷鵬飛、印春榮等同志為第一批榮獲“八一勛章”的同志。
“友誼勛章(the Friendship Medal)”(于2018年6月8日首次頒授)
授予為我國社會主義現代化建設和促進中外交流合作、維護世界和平作出杰出貢獻的外國人(foreigners who have made outstanding contributions to China's socialist modernization drive, promoted exchange and cooperation between China and the world, and helped maintain world peace)，為國家最高榮譽。
2018年6月8日，國家主席習近平向俄羅斯總統普京授予首枚“友誼勛章”。
國家榮譽稱號(national titles of honor)
授予在經濟、社會、國防、外交、教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育等各領域各行業(yè)作出重大貢獻、享有崇高聲譽的杰出人士(prominent figures who have made great contributions and earned reputations in fields such as economy, society, national defense, diplomacy, education, science, culture, health and sports)。
功勛簿(Book of Merit)
為記載上述功勛榮譽獲得者及其功績(to keep a record of these medal recepients and their achievements)，還專門設立了黨、國家、軍隊功勛簿。
