這八種“校鬧”將堅(jiān)決打擊 五部門(mén)聯(lián)合發(fā)文保障學(xué)校安心辦學(xué)

為貫徹落實(shí)全國(guó)教育大會(huì)精神，依法治理“校鬧”，教育部、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、司法部聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于完善安全事故處理機(jī)制 維護(hù)學(xué)校教育教學(xué)秩序的意見(jiàn)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《意見(jiàn)》)，構(gòu)建了治理“校鬧”的制度體系，保障學(xué)校安心辦學(xué)。

A news conference is held to issue the guideline on Aug 20, 2019. [Photo/moe.gov.cn]

Acts that disrupt school order have put undue pressure on schools which might thereafter refrain from normal physical education, extra-curricular activities, and scolding students. This has affected quality education and the education environment, and must be resolved with greater efforts.

因?yàn)?ldquo;校鬧”的存在，學(xué)校承擔(dān)了不應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和壓力，導(dǎo)致一些學(xué)校不敢正常開(kāi)展體育教學(xué)、課外活動(dòng)，不敢正常批評(píng)教育學(xué)生，干擾了素質(zhì)教育的實(shí)施，影響了良好教育生態(tài)的形成，必須下大力氣予以解決。

《意見(jiàn)》明確了8類(lèi)“校鬧”行為：

(1)毆打他人(assaulting people)、故意傷害他人或者故意損毀公私財(cái)物的(intentionally hurting someone or damaging public or private properties);

(2)侵占、毀損學(xué)校房屋、設(shè)施設(shè)備的(damaging or occupying school facilities);

(3)在學(xué)校設(shè)置障礙(setting up barricades on campus)、貼報(bào)噴字(putting up defamatory posters)、拉掛橫幅(putting up banners)、燃放鞭炮(setting off firecrackers)、播放哀樂(lè)(playing funeral music)、擺放花圈(laying wreath)、潑灑污物(pouring sewage)、斷水?dāng)嚯?cutting electricity and water supplies)、堵塞大門(mén)、圍堵辦公場(chǎng)所和道路的(blocking school gates and buildings);

(4)在學(xué)校等公共場(chǎng)所停放尸體的(placing corpse on campus or at public places);

(5)以不準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)工作場(chǎng)所等方式非法限制學(xué)校教職工、學(xué)生人身自由的(illegally restricting personal freedom of teachers and students);

(6)跟蹤、糾纏學(xué)校相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人(stalking school officials)，侮辱、恐嚇教職工、學(xué)生的(intimidating and insulting students and teachers);

(7)攜帶易燃易爆危險(xiǎn)物品和管制器具進(jìn)入學(xué)校的(bringing hazardous materials or tools to school);

(8)其他擾亂學(xué)校教育教學(xué)秩序或侵害他人人身財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益的行為(other acts that disrupt school order or infringe personal and property rights and interests)。

《意見(jiàn)》同時(shí)提出，突出“預(yù)防為先”，實(shí)現(xiàn)“不鬧也賠”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“鬧也不賠”。

Government officials, organizations or individuals should not interfere in dispute settlement procedures to quiet down the situation by forcing the school to shoulder more responsibility and provide quick compensation, the guideline said.

為避免政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)出于息事寧人的考慮，片面加重學(xué)校責(zé)任，明確規(guī)定任何組織和個(gè)人不得非法干涉糾紛處理。責(zé)任明確前，學(xué)校不得賠錢(qián)息事。

People should resort to legal means - such as consultation, meditation and lawsuits - to resolve disputes, it said. The school should make compendation in accordance with law if it is held accountable after investigation.

各方應(yīng)該積極通過(guò)協(xié)商、調(diào)解、訴訟等合法方式化解糾紛。學(xué)校確有責(zé)任的，要依法、及時(shí)進(jìn)行傷害賠償。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

校園安全 campus safety

校園霸凌 school bullying

紀(jì)律處分 disciplinary action

留校察看 probation