讓學生成為生活和學習的主人！中央發(fā)文促全面提高義務教育質(zhì)量

《中共中央　國務院關于深化教育教學改革全面提高義務教育質(zhì)量的意見》近日印發(fā)。這是黨中央、國務院印發(fā)的第一個聚焦義務教育階段教育教學改革的重要文件，是新時代我國深化教育教學改革、全面提高義務教育質(zhì)量的綱領性文件。

Pupils at Qamdo Municipal Experimental Primary School in Qamdo, Tibet autonomous region. [Photo provided to China Daily]

The guideline aims to develop an education system that will foster citizens with an all-round moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic grounding, in addition to a hard-working spirit, according to the document.

意見旨在發(fā)展素質(zhì)教育，培養(yǎng)德智體美勞全面發(fā)展的社會主義建設者和接班人。

要點包括：

堅持“五育”并舉，全面發(fā)展素質(zhì)教育

According to the guideline, compulsory education should emphasize the effectiveness of moral education with efforts on cultivating ideals and faith, core socialist values, China's fine traditional culture, ecological civilization and mental health.

要突出德育實效，大力開展理想信念、社會主義核心價值觀、中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、生態(tài)文明和心理健康教育。

The document stressed elevating intellectual grounding level to develop the cognitive ability and stimulate the sense of innovation of the students.

提升智育水平。著力培養(yǎng)認知能力，促進思維發(fā)展，激發(fā)創(chuàng)新意識。

It also called for strengthening physical education, enhancing aesthetic training with more art curriculums and activities, and encouraging students to participate in more physical work to boost their hard-working spirit.

強化體育鍛煉，增強美育熏陶，設立藝術特色課程，加強勞動教育，充分發(fā)揮勞動綜合育人功能。

強化課堂主陣地作用，切實提高課堂教學質(zhì)量

Heuristic and interactive methods in teaching are encouraged to inspire students to think and ask questions.

注重啟發(fā)式、互動式、探究式教學，引導學生主動思考、積極提問、自主探究。

More information technology should be integrated into school teaching, it said, specifically calling for more free and high-quality educational resources in rural and remote areas.

促進信息技術與教育教學融合應用。免費為農(nóng)村和邊遠貧困地區(qū)學校提供優(yōu)質(zhì)學習資源。

按照“四有好老師”標準，建設高素質(zhì)專業(yè)化教師隊伍

The guideline demands "high-quality and professional" teaching personnel, proposing more training to strengthen teachers' teaching fundamentals and work ethics, as well as improved salaries and benefits.

建設高素質(zhì)專業(yè)化教師隊伍，強化師德教育和教學基本功訓練，不斷提高教師待遇。

School principals are asked to shoulder more responsibilities and play better roles in improving education quality.

校長是學校提高教育質(zhì)量的第一責任人，提升校長實施素質(zhì)教育能力。

深化關鍵領域改革，為提高教育質(zhì)量創(chuàng)造條件

National curriculum schemes issued by the central authority should not be replaced by local and school- based curriculum, said the guideline.

嚴禁用地方課程、校本課程取代國家課程。

Exam-free access to nearby primary and secondary schools should cover all school-age children, and schools are encouraged to promote the well-rounded development of students, the guideline said.

推進義務教育學校免試就近入學全覆蓋。建立以發(fā)展素質(zhì)教育為導向的科學評價體系。

The country will secure the fiscal investment for compulsory education and motivate schools with higher education quality to help ordinary schools to achieve balanced compulsory education, according to the guideline.

保障義務教育財政經(jīng)費投入，發(fā)揮優(yōu)質(zhì)學校示范輻射作用，完善強校帶弱校等辦學機制，促進新優(yōu)質(zhì)學校成長。

It also demands strengthened Party leadership over compulsory education reform and more guidance to parents for better family education.

推進義務教育改革，加強黨的領導;重視家庭教育。

【相關詞匯】

義務教育 compulsory education

應試教育 exam-oriented education

民辦學校 private school

基礎教育 basic education

教書育人 impart knowledge and cultivate people

教育公平 education equality