不用沖水也不連下水道 蓋茨在北京推介“新世代廁所”

作為微軟創(chuàng)始人和世界最著名的慈善家，比爾-蓋茨在北京召開(kāi)的“新世代廁所博覽會(huì)”上，帶了一罐糞便上臺(tái)，大談廁所革命。他表示，基金會(huì)研究的新廁所無(wú)需連接下水道，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)人類(lèi)糞便降解滅菌，產(chǎn)出清潔的水和固態(tài)物質(zhì)。

US billionaire philanthropist Bill Gates unveiled on Tuesday in Beijing a futuristic toilet that doesn’t need water or sewers and uses chemicals to turn human waste into fertilizer.

美國(guó)億萬(wàn)富翁兼慈善家比爾-蓋茨本周二在北京推介了最新研發(fā)的未來(lái)派“新世代廁所”，無(wú)需使用水，也不用連接下水道，僅使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)就能將人類(lèi)糞便轉(zhuǎn)化為肥料。

The Microsoft Corp co-founder, who a day earlier was one of the high profile guests at a major trade event in Shanghai, also lauded the globalized and free trade systems that made the toilet technology possible.

作為微軟公司的創(chuàng)始人之一，蓋茨還在前一天亮相上海進(jìn)博會(huì)，是本屆進(jìn)博會(huì)的重量級(jí)嘉賓之一。他還稱(chēng)贊了使這項(xiàng)“新世代廁所”科技成真的全球化和自由貿(mào)易體制。

“I honestly believe trade allows every country to do what it’s best at,” he told Reuters in an interview on Tuesday.

他在周二接受路透社采訪(fǎng)時(shí)說(shuō)：“我確信貿(mào)易能讓每個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)揮自己的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)。”

Twenty cutting-edge sanitation products were on display, intended to destroy harmful bacteria and prevent disease.

博覽會(huì)展出了20款高科技的衛(wèi)生設(shè)備，旨在消滅有害細(xì)菌，預(yù)防疾病。

"I have to say, a decade ago I never imagined that I'd know so much about poop," Mr Gates joked at the conference. "And I definitely never thought that Melinda would have to tell me to stop talking about toilets and faecal sludge at the dinner table."

蓋茨在博覽會(huì)上開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)：“我不得不承認(rèn)，10年前我從沒(méi)想過(guò)我會(huì)如此了解人類(lèi)糞便。我當(dāng)然也沒(méi)有想到過(guò)，梅琳達(dá)會(huì)無(wú)奈地提醒我我不要在吃飯時(shí)討論廁所和糞便。”

A man looks at a toilet design by Cranfield University at the Reinvented Toilet Expo showcasing sewerless sanitation technology in Beijing, China November 6, 2018. REUTERS/Thomas Peter

比爾-蓋茨指出，這種綜合了多種創(chuàng)新技術(shù)的“新世代廁所”將成為未來(lái)廁所革命的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，或能促進(jìn)中國(guó)的“廁所革命”。

It is the first time Gates’ foundation has addressed an event in China. China is promoting a three-year “toilet revolution” to build or upgrade 64,000 public toilets by 2020 to help boost tourism and economic growth.

這是蓋茨基金會(huì)首次在中國(guó)舉辦的活動(dòng)上發(fā)聲。中國(guó)正在推進(jìn)為期三年的“廁所革命”，擬在2020年前修建或升級(jí)6.4萬(wàn)個(gè)公廁，幫助提振旅游業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。

蓋茨基金會(huì)在2011年推出了廁所創(chuàng)新大挑戰(zhàn)，在全球范圍內(nèi)征集創(chuàng)新性方案解決衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)。過(guò)去的七年中，蓋茨基金會(huì)投入了兩億多美元，將大部分精力用來(lái)關(guān)注糞便處理的整個(gè)價(jià)值鏈，最終與合作伙伴共同開(kāi)發(fā)新一代無(wú)下水道連接的廁所技術(shù)。

The toilet, which Gates said was ready for sale after years of development, is the brainchild of research projects funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the world’s biggest private philanthropy organization.

蓋茨表示，在數(shù)年研發(fā)后，“新世代廁所”即將推向市場(chǎng)。這項(xiàng)新科技是全球最大的私人慈善機(jī)構(gòu)比爾和梅林達(dá)蓋茨基金會(huì)資助的研究項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)物。

圖片來(lái)源：蓋茨基金會(huì)
“The current toilet simply sends the waste away in the water, whereas these toilets don’t have the sewer. They take both the liquids and solids and do chemical work on it, including burning it in most cases,” Gates told Reuters.

蓋茨告訴路透社說(shuō)：“傳統(tǒng)的廁所只是用水把排泄物沖走。而這種新廁所并不連接下水道。它們使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)處理尿液和糞便，多數(shù)情況是燒掉它們。”

He compared the change from traditional toilets to waterless models as similar to development in computing around the time he founded Microsoft in the mid-1970s.

他將傳統(tǒng)廁所轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊o(wú)水廁所的過(guò)程，與他在上個(gè)世紀(jì)70年代中期創(chuàng)立微軟時(shí)的計(jì)算力領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展相提并論。

“In the way that a personal computer is sort of self contained, we can do this chemical processing at the household level,” he said.

“就像個(gè)人電腦可以獨(dú)立運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一樣，我們現(xiàn)在也可以在家庭層面化學(xué)處理糞便。”

圖片來(lái)源：蓋茨基金會(huì)
Poor sanitation kills half a million children under the age of five annually and costs the globe over $200 billion a year in healthcare costs and lost income, according to the foundation.

蓋茨基金會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，糟糕的衛(wèi)生狀況每年導(dǎo)致近50萬(wàn)名五歲以下兒童死亡。全球每年由于醫(yī)療成本增加和收入減少造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失超過(guò)2000億美元。

Gates’ foundation has committed roughly $200 million to the toilet project and expects to spend the same amount again before the toilets are viable for wide-scale distribution.

蓋茨基金會(huì)已為“新世代廁所”投入大約2億美元，并預(yù)計(jì)在廁所大范圍投入使用之前，還將再投資2億美元。

“This year the volume of toilets will literally be in the 100s while people are still kicking tires (testing them),” Gates said.

蓋茨說(shuō)：“今年這種新廁所的數(shù)量將達(dá)到100多個(gè)，還在試用期。”

蓋茨指出，在全球發(fā)展中國(guó)家中，有62%的糞便沒(méi)有得到安全管理。在沒(méi)有安全衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的地方，環(huán)境中的病原體引發(fā)了腹瀉、霍亂、傷寒等疾病。

圖片來(lái)源：蓋茨基金會(huì)
During a speech at the Beijing event, Gates held up a clear jar of human faeces to illustrate the importance of improving sanitation.

在北京舉辦的“新世代廁所博覽會(huì)”上，蓋茨在演講時(shí)，手持一罐透明杯子所裝的人類(lèi)糞便，強(qiáng)調(diào)改善衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的重要性。

“It’s a good reminder that in (the jar) there could be 200 trillion rotavirus cells, 20 billion Shigella bacteria, and 100,000 parasitic worm eggs.”

“要提醒大家的是，罐子里裝著200萬(wàn)億個(gè)輪狀病毒，200億個(gè)志賀氏桿菌、還有10萬(wàn)個(gè)腸內(nèi)寄生蟲(chóng)。”

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 2.3 billion people around the world still don't have access to basic sanitation facilities.

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，全球仍有23億人沒(méi)有基本的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。

This can cause diseases like cholera, diarrhoea and dysentery which kill hundreds of thousands of people every year.

這會(huì)導(dǎo)致霍亂、腹瀉和痢疾等疾病，每年有數(shù)十萬(wàn)人因此死亡。

The entrepreneur described the inventions on display as the "most significant advances in sanitation in nearly 200 years".

蓋茨表示，博覽會(huì)上展出的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造是“近200年來(lái)衛(wèi)生設(shè)備領(lǐng)域最重要的進(jìn)展”。

Gates said the next step for the project is to pitch the concept to manufacturers, saying he expects the market for the toilets to be over $6 billion by 2030.

蓋茨說(shuō)，下一步計(jì)劃是讓制造商了解這一概念，他預(yù)計(jì)到2030年，每年可在全球創(chuàng)造60多億美元商機(jī)。

The foundation has said they hope the reinvented toilet will first roll out in buildings like schools and apartment buildings, before costs gradually decline and they become affordable in households.

蓋茨基金會(huì)希望這種新廁所將首先在學(xué)校和辦公樓推廣開(kāi)來(lái)，待成本逐漸降低后，普通家庭也可以承擔(dān)。

"You're only going to pay hundreds of dollars for a toilet - if it's really fantastic maybe $500," Mr Gates told the BBC.

蓋茨告訴英國(guó)廣播公司說(shuō)：“可能花費(fèi)只需要幾百美元，理想的話(huà)只要500美元(約合3465元人民幣)。”