世界無煙日：全球每年300萬人因吸煙過早死亡

Fewer people are smoking worldwide, especially women, but only one country in eight is on track to meet a target of reducing tobacco use significantly by 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Thursday.

世界衛(wèi)生組織本周四表示，全球吸煙人數特別是女性吸煙者在減少，但僅有八分之一的國家有望在2025年前實現大規(guī)模減少煙草使用的目標。

Three million people die prematurely each year due to tobacco use that causes cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and stroke, the world's leading killers, it said, marking World No Tobacco Day. They include 890,000 deaths through second-hand smoke exposure.

世衛(wèi)組織在世界無煙日到來之際表示，全球每年有300萬人因煙草使用導致的心臟病和中風等心血管疾病過早死亡，其中89萬人死于二手煙。這些疾病是頭號健康殺手。

The WHO clinched a landmark treaty in 2005, now ratified by 180 countries, that calls for a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship, and taxes to discourage use.

世衛(wèi)組織在2005年締結了一項標志性公約，呼吁禁止煙草廣告和贊助，并增加煙草稅來控煙。如今已有180個成員批準生效。

"The worldwide prevalence of tobacco smoking has decreased from 27 percent in 2000 to 20 percent in 2016, so progress has been made," Douglas Bettcher, director of the WHO's prevention of noncommunicable diseases department, told a news briefing.

世衛(wèi)組織非傳染性疾病預防司司長道格拉斯•貝徹在新聞發(fā)布會上說：“全球吸煙率已從2000年的27%下降到2016年的20%，我們已經取得了進步。”

Launching the WHO's global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking, he said that industrialized countries are making faster progress than developing countries.

他在發(fā)布世衛(wèi)組織全球吸煙率趨勢報告時說，工業(yè)化國家比發(fā)展中國家控煙進步更快。

"One of the major factors impeding low- and middle-income countries certainly is countries face resistance by a tobacco industry who wishes to replace clients who die by freely marketing their products and keeping prices affordable for young people," he added.

他補充說：“阻礙中低收入國家控煙的一大因素當然是來自煙草行業(yè)的阻力，這些國家的煙草行業(yè)希望自由銷售他們的產品，而且讓年輕人買得起，來實現消費者的更替。”

Progress in kicking the habit is uneven, with the Americas the only region set to meet the target of a 30 percent reduction in tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010, for both men and women, the WHO said.

世衛(wèi)組織說，各國在控煙方面進展不一，與2010年相比，美洲是唯一一個將在2025年前實現男性和女性的煙草使用量降低30%的地區(qū)。

However, the United States is currently not on track, bogged down by litigation over warnings on cigarette packaging and lags in taxation, said Vinayak Prasad of the WHO's tobacco control unit.

世衛(wèi)組織煙草控制部門的維納亞克-普拉薩德說，但由于煙草包裝警示標識的訴訟以及煙草稅征收不力，美國目前的控煙進展并不順利。

Parts of Western Europe have reached a "standstill," particularly due to a failure to get women to stop smoking, African men are lagging, and tobacco use in the Middle East is actually set to increase, the WHO said.

部分西歐地區(qū)進入“停滯期”，部分原因是沒能讓女性戒煙。非洲男性也拖了后腿，中東地區(qū)的煙草使用其實在增加。

Overall, tobacco kills more than 7 million a year and many people know that it increases the risk of cancer, the WHO said.

世衛(wèi)組織稱，總體來看，吸煙每年導致超過700萬人死亡，很多人都知道吸煙會增加患癌風險。

But many tobacco users in China and India are unaware of their increased risk of developing heart disease and stroke, making it urgent to step up awareness campaigns, it said.

但中國和印度的很多煙草使用者并沒有意識到他們患上心臟病和中風的風險在增加，要加強宣傳增強意識。

"The percentage of adults who do not believe smoking causes stroke are for example in China as high as 73 percent, for heart attacks 61 percent of adults in China are not aware that smoking increases the risk," Bettcher said. "We aim to close this gap."

貝徹說：“比如在中國，有多達73%的成年人不相信吸煙會導致中風，61%的成年人不知道吸煙會增加患心臟病的風險。我們要縮小這個差距。”

China and India have the highest numbers of smokers worldwide, accounting for 307 million and 106 million, respectively, of the world's 1.1 billion adult smokers, followed by Indonesia with 74 million, WHO figures show. India also has 200 million of the world's 367 million smokeless tobacco users.

世衛(wèi)組織的數據顯示，全球共有11億成年吸煙者。中國和印度的吸煙人數全球最高，分別是3.07億人和1.06億人。排在之后的是印度尼西亞，吸煙者有7400萬人。全球共有3.67億無煙煙草制品使用者，其中印度占了2億。