《考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解100篇 高分版》 Unit 12 - TEXT FOUR

Kids heading back to enlightened schools this fall may find nutrition and exercise on the agenda even in math class. In an effort to reverse the alarming increase of obesity in children, some schools have found ways to encourage healthful lifestyle changes without emphasizing the negative—too much body weight. Planet Health, developed by Harvard University researchers and now used in hundreds of schools throughout the country, integrates obesity prevention lessons into the science, math, and social studies curricula, for example. Students come to appreciate the importance of reducing TV time by calculating during math class the amount of their lifetime they've spent in front of the set. In gym, they decide on goals for subbing in physical activity instead.
The program costs only about $15 per student annually, a bargain, considering the payoffs: A 2005 study published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine found that middle-school girls who had Planet Health in their schools were half as likely to purge or use diet pills as those in schools without it. “It really focuses on the positive, and that's why we think it's protective against these dangerous behaviors,” says study author Bryn Austin, an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School.
A second program adopted by 7,000 elementary schools nationwide, the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH), similarly puts the focus on good health habits instead of weight. In class, students use a traffic-light system to identify “go”, “slow”, and “whoa” foods and take breaks to do jumping jacks. In the cafeteria, fruits, vegetables, low-fat milk, and whole-grain starches are labeled with green-light tags, and pizza gets a yellow light. Gym activities are designed to keep students constantly moving. “Every kid gets a ball to dribble or a hula hoop; there's no lining up and waiting to take a turn.” says Phil Nader, professor of pediatrics emeritus at the University of California—San Diego, who helped develop CATCH.
A three-year study comparing CATCH schools with others without the program found that CATCH increased the proportion of gym class spent in motion, from 40 percent to 50 percent, and reduced the consumption of fat in schools from 39 percent of total calories to 32 percent. A second study found that the program prevented the growth in number of overweight students that normally occurs from grade 3 to grade 5. CATCH students in El Paso, Texas (with one of the highest obesity rates in the nation), held the line between those grades, but in schools without the program, the share of overweight girls increased from 26 percent to 40 percent and of overweight boys from 29 percent to 39 percent.
Glen Cove Elementary School, near El Paso in Ysleta, was one of the first schools to adopt CATCH, and parents there have learned to eat better and exercise more along with their kids. “We have a day where everyone comes to fly kites and Wellness Wednesdays where family members run around for 20 minutes with their kids,” says physical education teacher Ben Avalos, who brought the program to Glen Cove in 1998. “Parents also tell me their kids have gotten them to throw out the ‘whoa’ foods in the house.” Avalos uses walking sticks, pogo sticks, and Chinese yo-yos in gym class—and nobody relaxes on the sidelines.
1. The study published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine shows _____.
[A] that girls who had Planet Health were less obese than those who had not
[B] that girls who had Planet Health were of a healthier lifestyle than those who had not
[C] that girls who had Planet Health were more confident than those who had not
[D] that girls who had Planet Health were more used to control weight in positive means than those who had not
2. The word “whoa” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____.
[A] fast
[B] stop
[C] pause
[D] no
3. In the CATCH, pizza is a kind of _____ food.
[A] dangerous
[B] yellow-light
[C] highly-nutritious
[D] less healthy
4. According to the second study of comparing CATCH schools with others without the program, CATCH students in El Pasco _____.
[A] were not growing weight from grade 3 to grade 5
[B] were prevented from normal weight growth from grade 3 to grade 5
[C] were not growing to over weight from grade 3 to grade 5
[D] were losing weight from grade 3 to grade 5
5. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of Glen Cove Elmentary School?
[A] The school adopt CATCH in order to change lifestyle of the school children's family.
[B] The school applied CATCH to the school children's parents.
[C] The school wanted to help children to form good health habits with the help of their parents.
[D] The CATCH school children also teach their family how to live healthily.

1. The study published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine shows _____.
[A] that girls who had Planet Health were less obese than those who had not
[B] that girls who had Planet Health were of a healthier lifestyle than those who had not
[C] that girls who had Planet Health were more confident than those who had not
[D] that girls who had Planet Health were more used to control weight in positive means than those who had not
1. 發(fā)表于《兒童與青少年醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》上的一項(xiàng)研究說(shuō)明了 _____。
[A] 參加“健康行星”項(xiàng)目的女孩比沒(méi)有參加的女孩瘦
[B] 參加“健康行星”項(xiàng)目的女孩比沒(méi)有參加的女孩的生活方式更健康
[C] 參加“健康行星”項(xiàng)目的女孩比沒(méi)有參加的女孩更自信
[D] 參加“健康行星”項(xiàng)目的女孩比沒(méi)有參加的女孩控制體重的方式更加積極
答案：D　難度系數(shù)：☆☆☆☆
分析：推理題。第二段提到，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，參加“健康行星”項(xiàng)目的中學(xué)女生服用瀉藥或減肥藥的比例是沒(méi)有參加該項(xiàng)目的學(xué)校的女生的一半，她們之所以不服用瀉藥就是因?yàn)樗齻儾慌?，再結(jié)合上面提到的“健康行星”項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是防止肥胖的，可以推斷，參加了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的女孩們控制體重的方式更加健康和積極，因此選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。選項(xiàng)B的錯(cuò)誤在于，文中只說(shuō)明了女孩們控制體重的方式更加健康，但沒(méi)有涉及她們?nèi)娴纳罘绞?，該選項(xiàng)的表述過(guò)于寬泛。選項(xiàng)A和C在文中則沒(méi)有明確的表述。
2. The word “whoa” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____.
[A] fast
[B] stop
[C] pause
[D] no
2. whoa這個(gè)詞（第三段第三行）最有可能的意思是 _____。
[A] 快的
[B] 停止
[C] 暫停
[D] 不
答案：B　難度系數(shù)：☆☆
分析：推理題。第三段提到，學(xué)生們用紅綠燈系統(tǒng)來(lái)標(biāo)示食物，前面的兩種標(biāo)示為“通行”和“減速”，分別是綠燈和黃燈表示的意思，那么剩下的就應(yīng)該是紅燈了，紅燈的意思為“停止”，因此，選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。
3. In the CATCH, pizza is a kind of _____ food.
[A] dangerous
[B] yellow-light
[C] highly-nutritious
[D] less healthy
3. 在“兒童健康合作方法”項(xiàng)目中，比薩是一種 _____ 食品。
[A] 危險(xiǎn)的
[B] 黃燈的
[C] 有豐富營(yíng)養(yǎng)的
[D] 不那么健康的
答案：D　難度系數(shù)：☆☆☆
分析：推理題。第三段提到，比薩是用黃燈來(lái)標(biāo)示的，黃燈的意思是“減速”，也就是說(shuō)，該食物沒(méi)有健康食物那么有利于人體，但也算不上是不健康的食品，因此，選項(xiàng)D最為符合。B是干擾選項(xiàng)，考生不能一看到就立刻選擇該選項(xiàng)，而應(yīng)加以分析。
4. According to the second study of comparing CATCH schools with others without the program, CATCH students in El Pasco _____.
[A] were not growing weight from grade 3 to grade 5
[B] were prevented from normal weight growth from grade 3 to grade 5
[C] were not growing to overweight from grade 3 to grade 5
[D] were losing weight from grade 3 to grade5
4. 根據(jù)第二項(xiàng)研究，即對(duì)比實(shí)行CATCH的學(xué)校和未實(shí)行該項(xiàng)目的學(xué)校，在El Pasco的CATCH學(xué)生 _____。
[A] 從三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)體重沒(méi)有增加
[B] 從三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)都沒(méi)有在正常范圍內(nèi)增加體重
[C] 從三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)體重沒(méi)有增加至超重
[D] 從三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)體重減輕了
答案：C　難度系數(shù)：☆☆☆☆
分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段提到，一般從三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)超重學(xué)生的數(shù)量會(huì)上升，但該項(xiàng)目卻遏制了這種上升，hold the line的意思為“保持不變”，由此可以推斷，實(shí)施了該項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生從三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)超重的人數(shù)沒(méi)有增加，也就是說(shuō)他們的體重在增長(zhǎng)，但是沒(méi)有向著超重的方向發(fā)展，而是正常的增長(zhǎng)。因此選項(xiàng)C最為符合這個(gè)意思。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與這個(gè)意思不符合。
5. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of Glen Cove Elmentary School?
[A] The school adopt CATCH in order to change lifestyle of the school children's family.
[B] The school applied CATCH to the school children's parents.
[C] The school wanted to help children to form good health habits with the help of their parents.
[D] The CATCH school children also teach their family how to live healthily.
5. 關(guān)于Glen Cove小學(xué)，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？
[A] 該學(xué)校采用“兒童健康合作方法”是為了改變學(xué)校學(xué)生家庭的生活方式。
[B] 該學(xué)校將“兒童健康合作方法”應(yīng)用到學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)身上。
[C] 該學(xué)校想通過(guò)家長(zhǎng)的幫助，讓學(xué)生養(yǎng)成健康的生活習(xí)慣。
[D] 實(shí)施了“兒童健康合作方法”的學(xué)校的學(xué)生也教會(huì)了他們的家庭如何健康地生活。
答案：D　難度系數(shù)：☆☆☆
分析：推理題。最后一段提到，在該小學(xué)實(shí)施了“兒童健康合作方法”后，家長(zhǎng)們也在孩子的帶動(dòng)下注意健康飲食和多做運(yùn)動(dòng)了，學(xué)校還另外舉行了帶動(dòng)家長(zhǎng)一起參與的活動(dòng)。但是該學(xué)校實(shí)施“兒童健康合作方法”面向的還是學(xué)生，因此，選項(xiàng)D是正確的陳述。

今年秋天孩子們返回學(xué)校時(shí)可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)學(xué)課上居然也有營(yíng)養(yǎng)和鍛煉科目。一些學(xué)校為了改變肥胖兒童不斷增多的現(xiàn)狀，尋找了一些鼓勵(lì)健康生活方式的方法，但是也不過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)肥胖。比如，“健康行星”是哈佛大學(xué)研究者們開(kāi)發(fā)的成果，目前已經(jīng)在全國(guó)的上百所學(xué)校中推行，該項(xiàng)目將防止肥胖課程與科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)等課程結(jié)合了起來(lái)。學(xué)生們?cè)跀?shù)學(xué)課上通過(guò)計(jì)算自己一生花費(fèi)在電視前的時(shí)間，就會(huì)明白減少看電視時(shí)間的重要性。在體育館里，他們可以自己設(shè)定體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)。
參與該項(xiàng)目的每個(gè)學(xué)生每年只需要花費(fèi)約15美元，這是考慮了成本后的一個(gè)優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格：2005年發(fā)表在《兒童與青少年醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，實(shí)施“健康行星”項(xiàng)目的中學(xué)女生服用瀉藥或減肥藥的比例為沒(méi)有實(shí)施該項(xiàng)目學(xué)校的女生數(shù)量的一半。“該項(xiàng)目關(guān)注好的方面，這也就是為什么我們認(rèn)為它可以預(yù)防危險(xiǎn)行為。”該研究報(bào)告的作者，哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科助理教授Bryn Austin說(shuō)道。
另一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，即“兒童健康合作方法”目前已在全國(guó)7,000所小學(xué)中施行，同“健康行星”項(xiàng)目類似，該項(xiàng)目注重良好的健康習(xí)慣而不是體重。在課上，學(xué)生用紅綠燈系統(tǒng)來(lái)標(biāo)示“通行”、“減速”、“停止”吃食物，課間可以玩抓子游戲。在自助餐廳里，水果、蔬菜、低脂牛奶和全麥淀粉類食物都用綠燈標(biāo)簽標(biāo)示，而比薩則用黃燈標(biāo)示。體育館運(yùn)動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)目的，就是要讓學(xué)生一直不停地運(yùn)動(dòng)。“保證每個(gè)孩子都有球或呼啦圈玩；不需要排隊(duì)，也不需要等著輪流玩。”圣地亞哥加州大學(xué)兒科榮譽(yù)教授Phil Nader說(shuō)道，他協(xié)助研發(fā)了“兒童健康合作方法”。
一項(xiàng)為期三年的研究對(duì)比了實(shí)施“兒童健康合作方法”的學(xué)校和未實(shí)施該方法的學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，“兒童健康合作方法”增加了體育課活動(dòng)的比例，從40%提高到50%，同時(shí)也降低了學(xué)生在校期間對(duì)脂肪的攝取量，熱量的攝入量從39%降到了32%。另外一項(xiàng)研究表明，該項(xiàng)目遏制了三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)超重學(xué)生數(shù)量的增加。得克薩斯州埃爾帕索城（該市學(xué)生的肥胖率居全國(guó)首位）參加“兒童健康合作方法”的學(xué)生從三年級(jí)到五年級(jí)保持體重沒(méi)變，但是在沒(méi)有實(shí)施該項(xiàng)目的學(xué)校里，超重女生從26%增加到了40%，超重男生從29%增加到了39%。
Ysleta市El Paso附近的Glen Cove小學(xué)是最先采用“兒童健康合作方法”的學(xué)校之一，家長(zhǎng)們也在孩子的帶動(dòng)下注意健康飲食、多做運(yùn)動(dòng)。“我們確定了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏日，每個(gè)人都來(lái)放風(fēng)箏；還有‘健康星期三’，在這一天家庭成員和孩子們一起跑20分鐘。”體育老師Ben Avalos說(shuō)道，他于1998年將該項(xiàng)目引入了Glen Cove小學(xué)。“家長(zhǎng)也告訴我，孩子們讓他們把家里那些‘停止’食品扔掉。”Avalos在體育課上使用了手杖、彈簧單高蹺和悠悠球讓學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)，沒(méi)有人在一旁閑待著。