其實長難句在考試中最直接的運用就是考察插入句子題和解釋句子題。對于這樣的題目,我們在不能讀懂句子的情況下,能夠把握的就是句子的內(nèi)在關系,即邏輯。邏輯在解釋句子題中的運用尤為重要,以前有學生反映,在考試中其實句子根本就不能讀懂,而利用邏輯就能迅速排除選項,從而找到正確的答案。所以說,邏輯是我們托福閱讀中的隱形解題幫手,考生們一定要尤為關注。
下面是托福閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的四大邏輯關系,把握了它們就等于掌握了托福閱讀解題技巧的一個重要部分。
1.因果關系
因:because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with
果:so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, coequently, accordingly
因果關系除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的顯性因果表達詞外,隱性的因果同樣是不可忽略的一個重要部分。
隱性因果:
A 導致(因-果):cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, push, stimulate, ark, ur, fuel, produce, be reoible for
如:The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.
在這段話中,有l(wèi)ead to,表示了導致的意思,即結(jié)果;而so that 更進一步表示了后面的結(jié)果,所以可以充分判定這段話有因果關系的邏輯。
B 由……而來(果-因):result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be reoive to, be attributable to
如:“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.”
在這段話中,根據(jù)result from可以推斷出有因果關系,那如果是解釋句子題時,選項中有因果關系就可以優(yōu)先考慮。
C 反映,體現(xiàn)(果-因):reflect, present, demotrate, suggest, imply, show This result demotrates that&helli
D 考慮到:given, coidering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.
E 依賴于:rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems.