托福聽力推斷題怎么應(yīng)對(duì)？

　　基本介紹:

　　IBT推斷題，是就聽力段落的某些細(xì)節(jié)給出結(jié)論或做出比較，某些時(shí)候是就某一個(gè)詞進(jìn)行推理判斷。

　　出現(xiàn)位置:

　　IBT推斷題通常出現(xiàn)在聽力部分的2個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話和4個(gè)演講中，每個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話一般包含一個(gè)推斷題，而每個(gè)演講中也又可能包含一個(gè)推斷題，所以推斷題在整個(gè)聽力部分的總數(shù)在2至4個(gè)左右。

　　出題形式：

　　通常情況下, 推斷題都是以what 開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句, 會(huì)對(duì)上段材料中出現(xiàn)的一些細(xì)節(jié)提出問(wèn)題, 例如:

　　What can be inferred about Scott Anfinson ?

　　A: His work is not worthy of any credit.

　　B: He is an archaeol**ist with a lot of ass.

　　C: He has done a lot of noteworthy jobs on Minnesota archaeol**y.

　　D: He, as a great archaeol**ist, donated some ass to protect the local environment.

　　What can be inferred about professor’s attitude toward the book he’s describing?

　　A: He prefers coffee than tea because drinking coffee is a patriotic act.

　　B: Drinking coffee was considered patriotic at the time when British colonists ruled America.

　　C: Coffee was heavily taxed at the time.

　　D: Coffee was less popular because it offered little independence to people who loved it.

　　What will___ probably do next?

　　What probably happened to ___?

　　What can be inferred about___?

　　What is probably true about___?

　　做題技巧:

　　1. 在做題的時(shí)候注意不要過(guò)渡推斷，步驟最少的推斷最接近答案。舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子：某人生病了，我們不能說(shuō)他去世了，只能說(shuō)他身體不適或健康不佳。

　　2. 在推斷的時(shí)候必須基于原文，尤其是涉及自然科學(xué)的知識(shí)，在某一學(xué)科某一領(lǐng)域的某一概念還未被全世界的科學(xué)家普遍接受的時(shí)候，我們不能運(yùn)用課外之時(shí)做出推斷。尊重談話人的態(tài)度和意見是做題的關(guān)鍵。涉及到人文科學(xué)的知識(shí)，中外分歧更大，我們更要拋棄自己的主觀意見，站在談話人特定的歷史角色和觀點(diǎn)上，做出符合邏輯的推論。

　　3. 注意答案選項(xiàng)中是不是又被問(wèn)對(duì)象的近似概念或同義詞，有些推斷答案就是同一概念的替換或延伸。例:

　　( 一 )

　　Narrator: Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question.

　　Professor: Scott Anfinson is an incredible archaeol**ist and author whose work conducive to the discovery of the indigenous Indian tombs is thought to be a great asset to Minnesota archaeol**y.

　　What can be inferred about Scott Anfinson ?

　　A: His work is not worthy of any credit.

　　B: He is an archaeol**ist with a lot of ass.

　　C: He has done a lot of noteworthy jobs on Minnesota archaeol**y.

　　D: He, as a great archaeol**ist, donated some ass to protect the local environment.

　　分析 : 1.首先是正確辨別兩個(gè)詞: incredible (出色的, 驚人的) 和 asset (財(cái)富).

　　2. 通過(guò)分析A, 可以了解到是對(duì)incredible 的理解 . 在這里頭腦一定要清晰, 因?yàn)?incredible 中的in 不表示 “否定”, 與incomplete(不完整的)中的in 不是一回事.特別注意該詞的構(gòu)詞法,在考試中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)類似的混淆構(gòu)詞方法的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng);

　　3. 再來(lái)分析B 和D, 通過(guò)分析不難得出主要考察對(duì)asset的理解.美國(guó)人經(jīng)常把某人當(dāng)作asset, 即 “人是世界上最大最寶貴的財(cái)富”的人生哲學(xué)的體現(xiàn).

　　4. 綜上分析, 不難得出C 為正確選項(xiàng). noteworthy 意為 “值得關(guān)注的”, 正好切合教授話中對(duì)Scott Anfinson 的嘉許.

　　因此選C.

　　( 二 )

　　Narrator: Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

　　Professor: Antipathy toward taxes on tea in Britain’s American colonies made coffee a patriotic drink for those seeking independence from the mother country; and the Green Dragon cuffed house in Boston, where the Boston Tea Party was planned, was the first headquarters of the American Revolution.

　　What can be inferred about professor’s attitude toward the book he’s describing?

　　A: He prefers coffee than tea because drinking coffee is a patriotic act.

　　B: Drinking coffee was considered patriotic at the time when British colonists ruled America.

　　C: Coffee was heavily taxed at the time.

　　D: Coffee was less popular because it offered little independence to people who loved it.

　　分析 : 1. 先來(lái)分析該段材料, 教授的第一句話是解題的關(guān)鍵. Antipathy 指 “強(qiáng)烈的憎恨( a strong feeling of aversion or dislike )”. 第一句話的大意是: 英國(guó)殖民地對(duì)茶葉征稅的做法, 使那些尋求從母國(guó) (即英國(guó))獨(dú)立出來(lái)的人們把咖啡當(dāng)作一種愛(ài)國(guó)飲料來(lái)喝. 換一句話而言, 喝茶只是母國(guó)人民的傳統(tǒng)愛(ài)好, 既然我們選擇了美國(guó), 我們當(dāng)然得尋求一種與母國(guó)人民不同得愛(ài)好(比如說(shuō)喝喝咖啡), 何況喝茶還要交重稅.

　　2. 來(lái)分析A: 教授覺(jué)得喝咖啡比喝茶愛(ài)國(guó). 文中并未言及教授的個(gè)人偏好, 錯(cuò)誤.

　　3. 接下來(lái)分析B: 英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治時(shí)期喝咖啡被視為愛(ài)國(guó)舉動(dòng). 正確.

　　4. 分析C: 咖啡在英國(guó)殖民時(shí)期被征收重稅. 正好說(shuō)反了, 為干擾項(xiàng).

　　5. 最后來(lái)看D: 咖啡在那時(shí)不流行是因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)給愛(ài)好者帶來(lái)任何自主(的感覺(jué)). 該選項(xiàng)顯然不正確, 但如果考生沒(méi)聽清楚antipathy 和 independence 的關(guān)系, 該選項(xiàng)將會(huì)產(chǎn)生比較強(qiáng)的干擾作用.

　　綜上所述該題正確答案為B.

　　注意: 在做此推斷題的時(shí)候, 常常會(huì)有干擾項(xiàng)的存在, 比如過(guò)度推斷, 談話人不支持或明確反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論, 不符邏輯的推斷，擴(kuò)大答案的內(nèi)涵和外延等等, 因此在做題的時(shí)候要切記這些選項(xiàng), 不要被迷惑了!

　　總之，托福聽力中的推斷題并不屬于一個(gè)新穎的題型，只要掌握方法稍加練習(xí)拿到分?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)該不是問(wèn)題。