高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：反意疑問(wèn)句

1.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I，而句子又用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用you。如：

I find English very interesting, don’t you?

I don’t like that film, do you?

2.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主語(yǔ)，具有否定概念時(shí)。如：

Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t they?

Everyone enjoyed the party, didn’t they?

Nobody wants to go there, does he?

3.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everything, nothing, anything, something時(shí)，附加 疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)一般用it，不用they。如：

Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?

Nothing is kept in good order, is it?

Something must be done to stop pollution, isn’t it?

4.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that或these, those時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)分別用it和they。如：

This is important, isn’t it?

That isn’t correct, is it?

These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?

5.如果陳述部分是以代詞one作主語(yǔ)，附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)在正式場(chǎng)合用one，非正式場(chǎng)合用you,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，在非正式場(chǎng)合還可以用he。如：

One can’t be too careful, can one?或can you?

One should do his duty, shouldn’t he?

6.如果陳述部分用I’m…結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用aren’t I。如：

I am strong and healthy aren’t I。

7.當(dāng)陳述句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)也用there。如：

There’s no help for it, is there?

There’s something wrong, isn’t there?

8.陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。如：

Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

Few people know him, do they?

She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

如果陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴，那么，該陳述部分作肯定處理，附加疑問(wèn)部分一般仍用否定形式。如：

He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?

Tom dislikes the book, doesn’t he?

9.當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分一般應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。如：

She says that I did it, doesn’t she?

I told them not everybody could do it ,didn’t I?

但當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I，謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, suppose, expect這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分則往往與從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。

I suppose that he’s serious isn’t he?

I don’t think she cares, does she?

10.當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句，附加疑問(wèn)句則需和就近的分句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致。如：

Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?

11.在由“祈使句+附加疑問(wèn)”構(gòu)成的附加疑問(wèn)句中，附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用will you, won’t you, would you,有時(shí)也可用can you, can’t you, why don’t you, could you等。如：

Don’t open the door, will you?

Give me some cigarettes, can you?

Take a rest, why don’t you?

但是，以let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句，附加疑問(wèn)部分用shall we;以let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句，如果含義是allow us，不包括聽(tīng)話(huà)人在內(nèi)，疑問(wèn)部分用will you。如：

Let’s have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?

Let us go out for a rest, will you?

12.當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must表示“必須”時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用mustn’t。如：

You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?

I must answer the letter, mustn’t I?

但若表推測(cè)這層含義時(shí)，不能用must，而要根據(jù)陳述部分的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(即must之后的動(dòng)詞)以及含義采用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式。如：

You must have made a mistake, haven’t you?

They must have seen the film last week, didn’t they?

He must be in the library, isn’t he?

13.當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如：

The old man used to smoke, didn’t he?或usedn’t he?

Tom used to live here, usedn’t he?或didn’t he?

14. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如：

He ought to know the answer, oughtn’t he?

We ought to read this book, oughtn’t we?或shouldn’t we?

15.當(dāng)陳述部分含有had better時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用had。如：

You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?

16.感嘆句后的附加疑問(wèn)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且常用否定形式。如：

What a clever boy, isn’t he?

What a lovely day, isn’t it?

17.陳述句子中的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或其他短語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用it。如：

Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?

Between six and seven will suit you, won’t it?

Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?

18.在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中，為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，只是表示某種驚奇、懷疑、反感、諷刺等感情而并不是為了尋求回答，這時(shí)前后兩部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如：

Oh, he is a writer, is he?

You’ll not go, won’t you?

19.陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish，表示愿望時(shí)用may，且用肯定形式。如：

I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?

20.當(dāng)陳述部分帶有表示“所有”含義的動(dòng)詞have(has)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如：

You have a new bike, haven’t you(或don’t you)?

She doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?