IV 比較so和 such
其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副
詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much, little連用,形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可數(shù)] such +n. [不可數(shù)]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many,但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用such搭配。
so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
Eg :The MP3 cost me ________ money that I ccouldn't afford to buy it .
A .so much .B .such much C .so many
D . such many .(Key :A )
注意:too .... to .. ,so ..... that .... , such .... that .... , enough ..... to ...., 的互換.
so that to = in order to /that 的用法.
Eg A .He is too young to go to school.
B .He is ____ a young boy _____ he ____ go to school .
C .He is ____ young ____ he ____ go to school .
D .He isn't ______ _______ ______ go to school (Keys :B :such , that , can't C :so ,that ,can't .D : old ,enough to )
易錯(cuò)分析:
①關(guān)于not…until
He stayed there until it was very late.
句中,stay是可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所以不用not。
He didn't leave until it was very late.
句中,leave是不可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所以用not
②because, so;although, but
上面已經(jīng)提到,because和so及although和but不連用。
例如:
Because he was late, he didn't catch the first bus.
一定不可以說(shuō)
Because he was late, so he didn't catch the first bus.
③or還是and
祈使句+or+陳述句前后是對(duì)立的
祈使句+and+陳述句前后是統(tǒng)一的
(or或and后的陳述句,常用一般將來(lái)時(shí))
Study hard, or you won't pass the exam.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.
兩句都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“If條件句+主句”形式,注意:要去掉or和and:
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
④because, since, as, for表示原因時(shí)的區(qū)別
盡管because, for, since, as都表示原因,但是用法上有不同.
because通常表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為這種理由或者原因是聽(tīng)話人所不知道的.
如:
He didn't attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
since表示的原因是人們已知的事實(shí),常譯作“既然”。
如:
Since he can't answer this question, you'd better ask someone else.
as表示原因與since差別不大,只是語(yǔ)氣更弱,多譯為“由于”
如:
As I haven't seen the film, I can't tell you what I think of it.
for表示因果關(guān)系時(shí),只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首。而且經(jīng)常是對(duì)主句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由或推斷原因。
如:
It rained last night, for the ground is wet.
⑤ as, when, while
這三個(gè)連詞都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,但用法有所不同。
1) 當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,又發(fā)生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表示“背景”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,最常用的是while。例如:
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時(shí),最常用的是as。例如:
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
4) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),或表示“一邊…一邊…”時(shí),最常用as。例如:
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
5) 當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),通常用when。例如:
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
6) 當(dāng)從句是瞬間動(dòng)作,主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí),通常用when。例如:
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
(6)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”講,在引導(dǎo)賓與從句是一般可互換。例如:
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
1) 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如:
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如:
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3) 在不定式前。例如:
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
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