IV其他介詞
介詞除了表示“時間”、“場所”以外,也表示“手段”、“材料”……等
(1 )表示手段和材料的介詞用 with,in,by
1)with:和……在一起
比較
in和 with
用in,with表工具或方法時,在譯成中文時區(qū)別不大,但在英語上的用法卻不大相同。
a.用“with”時,后面的名詞要加上冠詞或代詞。
with my ear用我的耳朵with a pencil用一支鉛筆
b.用in時,后面加物質名詞,不能加冠詞。
in ink 用墨水 in pencil 用鉛筆
Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好嗎?
c.具有、帶有
He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.
他是有著一雙大眼睛的英俊男孩子。
d.用某工具或方法
Li Li cut her hand with a knife.
莉莉用刀把手弄破了。
I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
He wrote the letter with a new pen.
他用一支新鋼筆寫這封信。
2)in:表示用什么材料(例如用墨水、鉛筆)等,或用什么語言,或者表示衣著、聲調特點時,不用with,而用in。
She wrote a letter in black ink.
她用黑色的墨水寫信。
Don't write it in pencil but in ink.
別用鉛筆寫,用鋼筆(水)寫。
3)by:通過……方法、手段
He goes to school by bicycle.
他騎自行車上學。
《by +交通工具》的詞組
by bicycle 騎自行車 by plane 坐飛機
by car 坐小汽車 (=by air)
by bus 坐公共汽車 by train 坐火車
by taxi 坐出租車 by ship 坐船
比較
搭乘交通工具
用by來表示搭乘交通工具方式、手段時,名詞前不加冠詞。
by train 坐火車
You can go there in my car.
你可以坐我的車去那兒。
用in表示時,后面要用冠詞或代詞。同樣坐公共汽車可以說:
take the(a)bus
(2 )of,from
1)of:(屬于)……的;表示……的數(shù)量或種類
This is a map of China.這是一幅中國地圖。
Will you please give me a cup of tea?
請您給我一杯茶好嗎?
2)from:來自(某地、某人);以……起始;(時間或地點)
I'm from Nanjing.我是南京人。
I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的來信。
比較:
make…of…與make…from…這兩個詞組都是“由…制成”的意思,它們的區(qū)別在于:如果制造出來的東西還看得出原料是什么,用“make…of…”;看不出原料是什么,用“make…from…”。
The box is made of wood.這箱子是木料做的。
The paper is made from rice straw.這紙是用稻草造的。
(3) without,like,as
1)without:沒有,是with的反義詞
Men can't live without air and water.
人類沒有空氣和水不能生存。
I can't read the book without using a dictionary.
不用字典,我看不了這本書。
Please give me a cup of coffee without milk.
請給我一杯不加奶的咖啡。
Please give me a cup of coffee with milk.
請給我一杯加奶的咖啡。
2)like:像……一樣
Nancy is just like her mother.
南希和她的媽媽一樣。
前句還可寫成 Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她媽媽長得一樣)。用look時,強調外表。
(3)as:作為
He is famous as a scientist here.
他在此地作為一個科學家而聞名。
(4 )against,about
1)against:反對;靠著
He is against the plan.(Li Ming)
他反對這個計劃。(他反對李明)。
The teacher is standing against the blackboard.
老師正靠著黑板站著。
2)about:a.關于;各處;身旁
Tell me something about your life.
告訴我你的生活情況。
He looked about himself.
他向四處張望。
I have no money about(=with)me.
我身上沒帶錢。
b.詢問某人某物的情況或提出建議
What about your sister?
你姐姐情況如何?
How about going to the park?
去公園怎么樣?
注意
What about …?與How about…?的用法沒有區(qū)別。
(5)for , to
for表示“為了.”
to 表示動作對象, “對, 向”, 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father? 你對我父親提起過這件事嗎?
for 表示“就某情況而說 ”, to 表示“對某對象而言”如:
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣,今天夠暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me。他剛才對你所說的話對我并不新鮮。
for 表示“目的,用途”。與go, come 動詞連用。
(6)except , besides
except 表示“從總體中排除一部分”, 與but 同義, besides 表示“除了一部分還有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我們都失敗了,但他沒有。
He speaks German besides French.. 除法語外, 他還會講英語。
V各種介詞短語
(1)使用工具 with a pencil 交通工具 by bus
用某語言 in French
用電視(學英語) learn English on TV
付多少錢 for two dollars
(2)介詞短語
介詞和動詞、形容詞或名詞相結合后,形成復合詞,有特定的意思,應一一背誦。將介詞短語分類如下:
1.動詞+介詞 (talk about~,look at~)
2.be動詞+形容詞+介詞(be kind to~)
3.介詞+名詞 (at home,on foot,in time)
1)動詞+介詞
talk about(sth.):談論某事
They are talking about their school.
他們正在談論他們的學校。
2)talk to sb.(=talk with sb.):和某人談論
Don't talk to your desk mate,Li Ming.
李明,不要和你的同桌說話。
3)look at:注視
She looked at the blackboard,but saw nothing.
4)listen to:傾聽
I listened to him,but heard nothing.
我注意聽他說話,但什么也聽不見。
5)call on(sb.):拜訪
He called on his uncle yesterday.
昨天他看望了他的叔叔。
6)arrive at(in):到達
We arrived at the station at noon.我們中午到達車站。
We arrived in Beijing last year.我們去年到(達)北京。
注意
arrive at(in)中的介詞at用于比較小的地方。in用于比較大的地方。
口語中常用get to代替arrive at(in)。
I'll get to the factory at three.我將在三點鐘到工廠。
7)take care of:照顧
The old men were taken good care of.
老人們受到了很好的照顧。
8)wait for:等待
I'll wait for you until eight o'clock.
我等你到八點鐘。
9)look for:尋找
I looked for my watch every place but I didn't find it.
我到處找我的表,但是沒找到。
其他重要的介詞短語
speak to 和……說話 stay with 和某人呆在一起
think about 考慮有關…… write to 給某人寫信
2 )be動詞+形容詞+介詞
1.be kind to:對某人親切
His step-mother was kind to him.
他的繼母對他很好。
2.be good at:在……做得好;擅長于……
Are you good at speaking English?你英語說得好嗎?
3.be late for:遲到
He is always late for school.他上學總是遲到。
4.be afraid of:害怕……The boy isn't afraid of big dogs.
5.be sorry for(sth.):為……抱歉
I'm sorry for being late.抱歉,我遲到了。
其他重要的介詞短語
be absent from 缺席
be proud of 以……為自豪
be different from 和……不同
be famous for 因……而著名
be fond of…… 愛好,喜歡
be pleased with 樂于
3) 介詞+名詞
1.at:at home 在家 at school 在學校
at least 至少 at present 目前 at first 起初
at once 立刻 at last 最后(終于)
at night 夜晚
語詞互換
be good at=can…well他游泳游得很好。
He is good at swimming.
He can swim well be full of=be filled with
箱子里都是(裝滿了)蘋果。
The box is full of apples.
The box is filled with apples.
2.on:
on foot 步行 on one’s way 在去某地的路上
on the telephone 用電話 on time 準時
3.for:
for a while 一會兒 for example 例如for oneself 為了自己
for hours(days, years)有好幾小時(天,年)
4.in:
in English 用英語 in those days在當時 in class 課上
in time 及時
5.by:
by the way 順便說 by oneself 獨自地
6.其他:after school 放學后 of course 當然