2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)試題《綜合A》補(bǔ)全短文專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)(1)

　　2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試試題《綜合A》補(bǔ)全短文專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

　　Einstein Named "Person of the Century"

　　Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel (解決) the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.

　　A man whose very name is synonymous ( 同義的 ) with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology. "The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological—technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science," wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein's significance. _________ (46)

　　Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon (象征) for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.

　　"What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom's fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying (象征，體現(xiàn)) the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom,"said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.

　　Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879_________ (47) He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams , In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. _________ (48) Everything else- mass,weight, space, even time itself--is a variable (變量). And he offered the world his now-famous equation (方程式): energy equals mass times the speed of light squared--E=mc2.

　　_________(49) "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality " Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. _________(50) Einstein did not work on the project. Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.

　　A. "Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics,"Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time's choices.

　　B. How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public's view about Albert Einstein

　　C. "Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Elnstel .

　　D. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon

　　E. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become——

　　F. In his "Special Theory of Relativity," Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.

　　2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試試題《綜合A》補(bǔ)全短文專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

　　答案解析

　　46.C。本文主要講愛(ài)因斯坦為20世紀(jì)人類(lèi)科學(xué)做出的重大貢獻(xiàn)。本段是理論物理學(xué)家史蒂芬•霍金在《時(shí)代》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇評(píng)價(jià)愛(ài)因斯坦所做貢獻(xiàn)的文章中的幾句話(huà)。

　　他說(shuō)世界在過(guò)去的100年發(fā)生的變化比以往任何一個(gè)世紀(jì)都大得多，其原因不在于政治或經(jīng)濟(jì)，而在于技術(shù)——由于基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的進(jìn)步而直接造就的新技術(shù)。兩句話(huà)并未提及愛(ài)因斯坦，因此此處選C最合適：“顯然，沒(méi)有一位科學(xué)家能比愛(ài)因斯坦更好地代表這些科學(xué)進(jìn)步。”those在此發(fā)揮了銜接作用。

　　47.E。本段簡(jiǎn)要介紹了愛(ài)因斯坦的早年生平。E說(shuō)：“愛(ài)因斯坦在小時(shí)候并未顯示日后會(huì)成為大科學(xué)家的任何天賦。”后一句話(huà)實(shí)際上是對(duì)E的詳細(xì)解釋。

　　48.F。本段主要介紹愛(ài)因斯坦提出的相對(duì)論。第一句話(huà)告訴我們l905年的時(shí)候愛(ài)因斯坦發(fā)表了人類(lèi)歷史上最具奇巧想象力的理論。第三、四句話(huà)是具體解釋相對(duì)論，F(xiàn)說(shuō)：“在‘特殊相對(duì)論’中，愛(ài)因斯坦描述了宇宙中為什么唯一恒定的是光速。”由此看來(lái)F放在此處最合適，其中constant和variable意思相反，構(gòu)成詞匯銜接。

　　49.A。本段是伊薩克森在《時(shí)代》雜志上的一篇文章中對(duì)相對(duì)論的深遠(yuǎn)意義所做的評(píng)述。他說(shuō)：“相對(duì)論間接地為道德、藝術(shù)和政治領(lǐng)域中新相對(duì)主義的出現(xiàn)鋪平了道路。”后一句是對(duì)此的進(jìn)一步解釋。

　　50.D。本段主要講愛(ài)因斯坦與原子能和原子武器發(fā)展的關(guān)系。前一句告訴我們愛(ài)因斯坦于1939年在給羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)的一封信中敦促美國(guó)搶在納粹德國(guó)之前研制原子彈，并簽了名。D說(shuō)：“羅斯福對(duì)這項(xiàng)建議十分關(guān)注，遂制定了秘密制造第一顆原子彈的‘曼哈頓計(jì)劃’。”后一句說(shuō)愛(ài)因斯坦未參與這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，其中the project指的就是the Manhattan Project。