【醫(yī)院口語會話】輸血

　　老師：人類有重要臨床意義的4種主要血型是A，B，AB和O型。

　　學生：醫(yī)院里有血液供給病人嗎?

　　老師：每個醫(yī)院都有大量血液以供輸注。

　　學生：存在哪里呢?

　　老師：血液存在醫(yī)院的血庫內(nèi)。

　　學生：血液是從哪里來的?

　　老師：血獻血員供給。

　　學生：對獻血員有什么要求嗎?

　　老師：要求其年齡在18-65歲之間，身體一身健康，可以通過必需的體格檢查。

　　學生：為什么要給獻血員做體格檢查。

　　老師：在輸血前，要給獻血員做檢查，以便確定其血型和沒有任何疾病。這些完成之后，才可以在獻血員身上抽血。

　　學生：一個人有什么病不能獻血?

　　老師：瘧疾、貧血、傳染性肝炎、結(jié)核……等。

　　學生：輸血前什么準備工作?

　　老師：我們先給病人驗血型，然后，病人的血和獻血員的血做交叉凝集試驗，凡是無凝集的才能使用。

　　學生：輸血需要什么設(shè)備?

　　老師：輸血設(shè)備有：

　?、佥斞軒в袃缮夏?，上囊為過濾器，下囊為點滴速率器。

　?、?8-20號針頭。

　　③消毒棉簽。

　?、苤寡獛А?/p>

　?、菹鹌じ唷?/p>

　　學生：病人在輸血過程中我們應(yīng)該注意什么?

　　老師：①病人用的所有器械都必須進行滅菌處理。

　?、谡J真核對血型。

　?、圯斞跋容斏倭康纳睇}水。

　?、茌斞獣r我們要注意病人的反應(yīng)。

　　學生：輸血時每分鐘滴速是多少?

　　老師：一般滴速每分鐘40到60滴。

　　學生：病人在輸血過程中為什么出現(xiàn)手足抽搐現(xiàn)象?

　　老師：輸血的同時，輸入了枸緣酸鈉，而枸緣酸鈉在體內(nèi)與游離鈣結(jié)合，因而血鈣下降，故出現(xiàn)四肢抽搐。

　　學生：輸血會有哪些反應(yīng)?

　　老師：過敏反應(yīng)、循環(huán)衰竭、空氣栓塞、傳染性疾性，如瘧疾、傳染性肝炎。

　　學生：什么反應(yīng)較為嚴重?

　　老師：溶血反應(yīng)。

　　學生：什么藥物可以預防輸血反應(yīng)?

　　老師：苯海拉明、鹽酸異丙嗪和氟美松。

　　student： How many types of blood are there in the numan being?

　　Teacher： The four major blood types of clinical importance in this genetic system are A， B， AB and O.

　　S： Are there any blood for the patient in the hospital?

　　T：Every hospital has a lot of blood for the transfusion.

　　S： Where is it preserved?

　　T： The blood is preserved in the blood bank of the hospital.

　　S： Where is the blood from?

　　T： It is given by the donor.

　　S： What is the requirement to the donor?

　　T： A person 18 to 65 years old with a negative medical history， capable of passing the required physical examination.

　　S： Why is the donor given physical examination?

　　T： Before giving blood， the donor is given tests to determine his blood group and make sure he is not suffering from certain disease . When this has been done his blood can be taken.

　　S： A person with what disease can not be taken the blood?

　　T： Malaria， anemia， infectious hepatitis， tuberculosis and so on.

　　S： What is the preparation before blood transfusion?

　　T： First， we get blood group of patient. And then the patient's and donor's blood make crossmatching. If it is negative it can be used.

　　S： What are the equipments for transfusion?

　　T： The equipments for transfusion are：

　　①Tubing with attached two chambers; an upper filter chamber and a lower drip-rate chamber.

　?、贜eedle 18 to 20 gauge.

　　③Antiseptic pledget.

　?、躷ourniquet.

　?、輆dhesive plaster.

　　S： What attention should we pay to blood transfusion for the patient?

　　T： ①All the instruments that come into contact with the patient must be sterilised.

　?、贑heck up blood group earnestly.

　?、跿ransfuse a little normal saline before blood transfusion.

　?、蹹uring the blood transfusion， we should pay attention to reaction of patient.

　　S： How many drips a minute in the blood transfusion.

　　T： The usual rate of infusion is from 40 to 60 dropsper minute.

　　S： Why do the arms and legs twitch during the blood transfusion?

　　T： Some citrate have been transfused into the body during the blood transfusion. The sodium citrate combines with free calcim into the body. So blood calcim descend and the twitch of arms and legs appear.

　　S： What are the reactions in the blood transfusion?

　　T： Allergic reactions， circulatory overload， airembolism， infectious diseases， such as malaria and infective hepatitis.

　　S： What reaction is severe during the blood transfusion?

　　T： Hemoly sis reaction.

　　S： What medicine may be used to prevent the reaction of blood transfusion?

　　T： Benadzy1， Promethazine and Dexamethasoul.