外國(guó)人最想和你聊的名人話題:奧利弗·克倫威爾
外國(guó)人最想和你聊的名人話題:奧利弗·克倫威爾
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About Cromwell 關(guān)于克倫威爾
Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader best known in England for his overthrow of the monarchy and temporarily turning England into a republican Commonwealth and for his rule as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Cromwell was born into the ranks of the middle gentry, and remained relatively obscure for the first 40 years of his life. His lifestyle resembled that of a yeoman farmer until he received an inheritance from his uncle. After undergoing a religious conversion during the same decade, Cromwell made an independent style of puritanism an essential part of his life. As a ruler he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy and did as much as any English leader to shape the future of the land he governed. But his Commonwealth collapsed after his death and the royal family was restored in 1660. An intensely religious man-a self-styled Puritan Moses-he fervently believed God was guiding his victories. He was never identified with any one sect or position, however, and strongly favoured religious tolerance for all the various Protestant groups.
He was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge in the Short(1640) and Long (1640-1649) Parliaments. He entered the English Civil War on the side of the "Roundheads" or Parliamentarians and became a key military leader. Nicknamed "Old Ironsides", he was quickly promoted from leading a single cavalry troop to command of the entire army. In 1649 he was one of the signatories of Charles I's death warrant and was a member of the Rump Parliament (1649-1653), which selected him to take command of the English campaign in Ireland during 1649-1650. He led a campaign against the Scottish army between 1650 and 1651. On 20 April 1653 he dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominated assembly known as the Barebones Parliament, before being made Lord Protector of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland on 16 December 1653. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. After the Royalists returned to power, they had his corpse dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded.
奧利弗·克倫威爾是英國(guó)政治家、軍事家、宗教領(lǐng)袖。17世紀(jì)英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命中,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)――新貴族集團(tuán)的代表人物、獨(dú)立派的首領(lǐng)。
我們應(yīng)該怎樣估價(jià)克倫威爾對(duì)歷史的總的影響呢?當(dāng)然他的重要作用就在于他是一位杰出的軍事將領(lǐng),在英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中打敗了?;庶h軍隊(duì)。其實(shí)在克倫威爾初露鋒芒之前的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的初期,議會(huì)軍在一定程度上遭到了失敗,看來要是沒有他,這支軍隊(duì)完全有可能不會(huì)取得最后的勝利??藗愅杽倮慕Y(jié)果使民主政體在英國(guó)得到了持續(xù)和鞏固。人們不應(yīng)該把這看做是無(wú)論如何都會(huì)發(fā)生的事件。在17世紀(jì),歐洲大部地區(qū)都正在朝著更強(qiáng)大的君主專制主義的方向發(fā)展;民主政體在英國(guó)的勝利是逆總的歷史趨勢(shì)而出現(xiàn)的事件,在隨后的年月里,英國(guó)民主政體的榜樣對(duì)法國(guó)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)、法國(guó)革命和最終在西歐建立民主政體都是一個(gè)重要因素。還有顯而易見的是,民主勢(shì)力在英國(guó)的勝利對(duì)于在美國(guó)以及英國(guó)先前的殖民地如加拿大和澳大利亞建立民主政體都起到至關(guān)重要的作用。雖然英國(guó)在世界上只是個(gè)彈丸之地,但是民主政體卻從英國(guó)涌向世界的其他某些范圍不小的地區(qū)。
After a while Cromwell's stern countenance relaxed into a smile.
過了一會(huì)兒,克倫威爾緊繃的臉露出笑容。
Cromwell was of the active, not the reflective temper.
克倫威爾生性躁動(dòng),缺乏深思熟慮的性格。
"Depart, and let us have done with you." Cromwell told the Rump Parliament.
"讓我們了斷后離開。"克倫威爾對(duì)英國(guó)尾閭議會(huì)如是說。
Perhaps it would be safer to attribute it to Cromwell's absence from the manor.
或許把這歸因于克倫威爾的消失更穩(wěn)妥一些。
Cromwell secured the boon by the timely present of some choice sweetmeats to Pope Julius II.
他不失時(shí)機(jī)地對(duì)教皇朱利烏斯二世甜言蜜語(yǔ)、巧言令色,確保了這一恩惠的獲得。
Oliver Cromwell was engaged in a warm argument with a lady.
克倫威爾正和一位女士激辯。
A hundred long years must still elapse before Englishman could hear the name Cromwell.
離英國(guó)人聽到奧利弗·克倫姆威爾的名字還有一百年之久呢。
Notable former Cambridge students include Oliver Cromwell, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Stephen Hawking.
克倫威爾,牛頓,達(dá)爾文和霍金,這些曾經(jīng)的劍橋?qū)W子都是劍橋輝煌的象征。
The breakout of the early bourgeois revolution was a turning point of the lifetimes of Cromwell and Napoleon.
早期資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的爆發(fā),是克倫威爾與拿破侖一生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。
Cromwell himself, that walking paradox was neither as austere nor s principled as portrayed in most textbooks.
克倫威爾是一個(gè)充滿著矛盾的人,與大部分教科書的描述不同,他既不嚴(yán)于律己,也不恪守信條。
Elizabeth I and Cromwell thereby justified to their soldiers the murder, and even the torture, of Irish civilians.
伊麗莎白一世和克倫威爾將他們的士兵屠殺,甚至把對(duì)愛爾蘭平民的酷刑合理化。
In the street in front of it there was a statue of a man on horseback which was supposed to represent Oliver Cromwell.
紀(jì)念碑前邊的街上還有座塑像,聽說是奧立佛·克倫威爾。
Hugo in his preface to Cromwell wrote "The stage should make as complete as possible the illusion of reality."
雨果在他的小說《克倫威爾》的前言中寫道:"舞臺(tái)應(yīng)該與幻想中的情景盡可能一致。"
He was instrumental in the downfall of his cousin Anne Boleyn, onetime ally Cromwell and bitter rival Cardinal Wolsey.
他在其表妹安·博林,曾經(jīng)一度的盟友克倫威爾和老冤家沃爾西主教的垮臺(tái)中起了重要作用。
But some obvious historical figures did make it in including Oliver Cromwell and the playwright William Shakespeare.
但是,某些著名的歷史人物也總算是名列其中,包括奧利弗·克倫威爾和戲劇家威廉·莎士比亞。
When Cromwell took over England in 1645, Christmas was cancelled as part of a Puritan effort to rid the country of decadence.
在1645年克倫威爾掌管英國(guó)的時(shí)候,圣誕節(jié)作為清教徒努力去讓國(guó)家擺脫頹廢的一部分而被取消。
The king is fighting the republican forces of Oliver Cromwell.
國(guó)王正與克倫威爾的共和武力部隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)。
Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament in 1653.
克倫威爾在1653年解散了殘余國(guó)會(huì)。
Oliver Cromwell defeated the Covenanters here.
奧利弗·克倫威爾在此擊敗神圣盟約派。
He serves in Oliver Cromwell's army in the English Civil Wars.
英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí),他在克倫威爾的軍中服役。
Oliver Cromwell thundered, "You have sat too long for any good you have been doing lately."
奧利弗·克倫威爾宣稱:"你們?cè)谶@個(gè)位子上太久了,很久沒有什么貢獻(xiàn)了,這樣下去對(duì)誰(shuí)都沒有好處。"
Cromwell declared that there was no eloquence but that which sprang from the heart.
克倫威爾則說,言出由中,才能雄辯。
Mike: What are you working on?
麥克:你在忙什么???
Daisy: I'm working on my presentation tomorrow.
黛西:我在準(zhǔn)備明天的演講。
Mike: What will you talk about?
麥克:你要講什么?
Daisy: Cromwell.
黛西:克倫威爾。
Mike: I've heart of him.
麥克:我聽說過他。
Daisy: What do you know about Cromwell?
黛西:你對(duì)克倫威爾了解多少?
Mike: I know he overthrew the monarchy.
麥克:我知道他推翻了王權(quán)。
Daisy: Yes, you have history very carefully.
黛西:是的,你歷史學(xué)得很不錯(cuò)。
Mike: But that's all I know about him.
麥克:但我對(duì)他就知道這么多了。
Daisy: That's enough to prove his greatness.
黛西:那已經(jīng)足以證明他的偉大。
Mike: How will you talk about him in class?
麥克:你準(zhǔn)備怎么在課上介紹他?
Daisy: I will talk about his life experience, influence, and some interesting story about him.
黛西:我將介紹他的生活經(jīng)歷,影響,還有一些關(guān)于他的有趣的故事。
Mike: Oh, you have a lot to prepare.
麥克:哦,那你要準(zhǔn)備很多。
Daisy: Yes, I was collecting material.
黛西:是的,我正在搜集材料。
Mike: Then I won't bother you.
麥克:那我就不打擾你了。
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