一.概念:
英語句子通常有兩種語序:一種主語在前,謂語在后,稱為自然語序,另一種謂語在前,主語在后,稱為倒裝語序。
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
按“主語+ 謂語” 這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序。如果排列順序變?yōu)?ldquo;謂語( 或謂語一部分)+主語”,就是倒裝。倒裝句分為:
完全倒裝: 整個謂語移至主語前面叫完全倒裝。
部分倒裝: 只把助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前叫部分倒裝。
1. 當以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副詞開頭的句子,為了起到強調(diào)的作用,可構(gòu)成倒裝句,只把副詞放在句首,主語和謂語位置調(diào)換,不加助動詞。
Our teacher came in.
In came our teacher.
這種倒裝要求:主語必須是名詞。主語是人稱代詞時,主語和謂語語序不變。
Here it is.
Away he went.
這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示時間的副詞放在句首,可構(gòu)成倒裝句,只把副詞放在句首,主語和謂語位置調(diào)換,不加助動詞。
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地點狀語的介詞短語放在句首,要用倒裝句式,以示強調(diào)。
這種倒裝句也是主謂直接調(diào)換位置,不加助動詞did, does或do.
Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
4. there放在句首時,要用倒裝句式。
在“there + be”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞有時不用be , 而用表示類似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動詞。如:live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
5. so + 動詞+主語
neither/ nor + 動詞+主語
表示兩人的同樣一個情況時,只能表示一件事,即上、下句所使用的動詞、時態(tài)要一致。
否則要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.