“海南省”中英雙語簡介

(海南省)

A Glimpse of the Province(本省簡介)

Hainan Province is called Qiong for short. This shortened name derives from the Chinese word Qiongzhou in the Tang Dynasty some one thousand years ago. It is China's southernmost province, with the Qiongzhou Strait to its north. There it directly faces the Leizhou Peninsula across the Beibu Gulf. While it is China's smallest province with respect to land area, it has a longer coastline and is surrounded by more sea than any other province. It consists of the primary island of Hainan, along with Xisha, Zhongsha, Nansha islands and their coastal areas. It is between latitude 18010' - 200 10' to north and longitude 108037' - 111005' to east.

Hainan province is China's only province with a tropical ocean. It also covers 42.5 percent of the country's tropical land area. The average temperature on the island is 23. 8 degrees centigrade. The high monthly average temperature is 25-29 degrees centigrade in July and August, while the January and February low temperatures are between 10 -24 degrees centigrade. And the sun shines 12 hours of the day. It is a real paradise for northerners to spend their holidays away from the cold winter.

Culture and Customs

Hainan has a long history. It is China' s second largest island after Taiwan. Hainan has been called Immigration Island because its inhabitants come mainly from the mainland and everyone living here belong to different ethnic groups that settled down here at different times. Indeed, some 30 ethnic groups live in harmony on the island. Han Chinese people form the most numerous group and they and Li, Miao, and Hui ethnic minorities, have been living on the island for several generations.

Among the ethnic minorities, the Li people are the earliest and most numerous of Hainan's migrants. The Wzhishan Mountain area is the main area inhabited by the Li nationality aborigines, and they have been living there and developing their culture and customs for more than 3000 years. They also have their spoken language but use Chinese characters as their own spoken language but use Chinese characters as their written script. The Li people are hard workers and have mainly supported themselves through farming; however, starting in the Tang and Song dynasties, they also established a family handicraft industry. Their most notable product is“Li cloth”, which is famous both at home and abroad. Now their villages and way of life have become distinctive tourist attractions.

The Miao people form Hainan's second largest ethnic minority. Their numbers total 60,000 and they mainly live in the mountainous parts of Qiongzhong and Baoting autonomous counties. The Miao people are said to have originally lived in the mountainous areas of Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan Provinces. The Miao people have kept their rich traditions in attire and enjoy their traditional five-color glutinous rice. The Miao people are also accomplished singers and dancers.

The Hui people are one of the other major ethic groups in Hainan province. They settled on the island some time ago and have long history living here. They are concentrated mainly in Sanya Fenghuang Town and the very southern end of the island. Their numbers total more than 7,000. The Hui people have retained their Islamic faith and customs and gather together every year on September 28th to celebrate their traditional Islamic Guerbang festival.

Hainan is not only a place of immigrants, but of emigrants as well. In fact, Hainan has become one of the three famous sources of Chinese emigration, with some 3 million overseas Chinese hailing from the island, a figure exceeded only by Guangdong and Fujian Provinces. People from Hainan can be found in 59 countries and regions throughout the world; half of them have migrated to Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries.

Hainan's blend of regional cultures and customs, along with the island's special local festivals, has created a truly unique and unforgettable experience for anyone visiting here.

Local Festivals

The different ethnic groups on Hainan Island live together in harmony. The ethnic minorities not only enjoy the major traditional Chinese festivals like spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-autumn Festival, but also have their festival as well. For example, the Sanyuesan Festival is the local Li and Miao festival. It is celebrated in the spring, on March 3rd (the lunar calendar) and provides unmarried young people an opportunity to find their loved ones. On that day the young boys and girls from nearby settlements get together in bright and attractive clothing. They hold hands and sing songs, do bamboo pole dancing, and have their dates in houses that are shaped like boats. The ladies wear “canister skirts” and both they and the men eat rice cooked in a bamboo pipe and drink Shanlan wine. Other festivals include the Flower Exchange Festival in Fucheng Town and Folk Song Competition Festival in Danzhou during the Mid-autumn Festival.

Several modern festivals aimed solely at tourists have been established since Hainan became a province in 1988. These include the Nanshan Longevity Culture Festival, Sanya Interactional Wedding Ceremony, and Hainan Island Carnival. The last festival is an annual comprehensive interactional public festival held by the government and Hainan Tourism Bureau every' November. It originated in 2000 as part of nationwide effort to promote “China's Tourism Island”。 The Hainan Carnival has become one of the biggest and most enjoyable festivals, not only for people in Hainan, but for Chinese and foreign tourists visiting the island as well. During the many festivals staged on Hainan, such as the Miss World/Universe beauty pageant, the participants, including internationally famous film stars, share their happiness with the local people and tourists.

Finally, even some foreign holidays such as the Valentine's Day, the April Fool's Day and Christmas are now celebrated by the local people.

Tourism Resources

Hainan Island is shaped like a pyramid. High mountain peaks dominate the center of the island. The central mountains include the famous 1876 meter high Wuzhishan Mountain, which is 300 meters higher than Shandong's better known Mount Tai. Wuzhishan is surrounded by more than 600 0ther tall peaks with valleys, plains, rivers and lakes interspersed among them. Hainan's topography is so complicated that supernatural and peculiar tropical physiognomy exists in its rain forests. The island has a wide variety of ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, estuaries, mangrove swamps, coral reefs, bottomland, everglades, and lagoons. More than 50% of the island is covered by forests. Thus when viewed from outer space, the whole land looks like a jungle-covered mountain with rivers and valleys here and there.

Situated at the same latitude as Hawaii, Hainan Island has the heaviest rainfall of any place located at this latitude in the world. The island is blessed with abundant sunshine and warmth, giving a spring-like climate year-around. Tropical crops such as rice, sugarcane, palm oil, cinnamon, sisal, betel nuts, coffee, tea, sweet potatoes, groundnuts and tobacco can flourish all year round. At all times and in all places, the flowers are in full bloom and the birds are singing from the trees. Hainan Island is rich in biological resources, such as pleasant seas, attractive beaches, rivers, mountains, and virgin forests. It has long been called the “Natural Greenhouse”， “Hot Spring Island”， “Tropical Orchard”， and “Ever-blooming Garden”。 Hainan is well known for the sheer of its variety of its tropical fruit which include coconut, jackfruit, pineapple, mango, lychee, longan, banana, rambutan, naseberrie, durian, apaw, olive, guava fruit, wampee, and Chinese gooseberry. The virgin tropical rain forests are also home to more than 4,600 kinds of fascicular plants, of which more than 600 are local species found only on Hainan Island. The island boasts some 560 vertebrate animal species, many of which are endangered or on the verge of extinction elsewhere in he world. Some 37 are amphibians, and 11 0f them are found only on Hainan Island. Altogether there are 134 rare animal species and 344 rare bird species on Hainan Island that are under state protection. Thus Hainan can also be seen as a key storage house or rare animal species and their genes. Only in Hainan can you have the kind of feeling that time flies backward and really appreciate just how broad and mysterious nature can be. With its tropical ocean climate, many beaches, rare living creatures and clean fresh air, Hainan is becoming a popular resort site both at home and abroad.

Hainan Cuisine and Local Snacks

Hainan is also famous for four particular dishes-Wenchang Chicken, Jiaji Duck, Dongshan Mutton, and Hele Crab. Both the Chicken and duck dishes are popular because their meat is tender, skin is crisp, and bones are soft. And neither dish is particular fatty or greasy. Dongshan sheep are fed natural local tea giving both the steamed and stewed mutton a tea-like flavor. Hele crab is notable for its big body, fresh meat and red cream, which gives its meat more fat and a better flavor. Local snacks include Qingzhou Coconut Pot, Coconut Milk Chicken, Lin'gao Roast Porket, Qukou seafood, Plum Blossom Trepang, Sea-ears, Lobster, Wanquan Crap, Moutain Beef, Salt Red Fish, Nada-flavor Meat, Li People Sweet Ale, Bamboo Shaft Rice, Five-color Glutinous Rice, Hainan Vermicelli, Hainan Chicken Rice, Hainan Glutinous Rice Dumplings, Hainan Chaffy Dish, and Coconut Sticky Rice Cake.

Recommended Attractions

Hainan island is a green island and every part of it has natural scenic beauty. The capital of Haikou is located on the north side of the island. Many famous scenic spots, including several large tropical ecological gardens, are located in this area. The major sites include the Evergreen Garden Haikou Western Coastal Park, Guilingyang Seaside Tourism Zone, Dongzhaigang National Mango Forest Nature Reserve, Wild Pineapple Island, Benthonic Villages, and the Hainan Tropical Oceanic World. Southern Hainan Island boasts the province's most famous tourism city, Sanya. It also boasts beautiful attractions such as the Tianyahaijiao ( the end of the earth) , Dadong Sea, Yalong Bay, Butterfly Valley, Nanshan Temple, Wonders of the Mountain and Sea, Paradise Caves for Celestial Beings, and Luhuitou Park. There are many other famous attractions in Hainan Island such as the Xinglong Tropical Botanical Garden, Bo'ao Aquapolis, Nanwan Monkey Peninsula, Wenchang City's Dongjiao Coconut Grove, Juding Zoo's Rare Birds and Animals, Wuzhizhou Island, Wuzhishan Mountain, Wanquan River, six famous hot springs and waterfalls.

海南省簡稱“瓊”(源于一千多年前唐朝的瓊州)，位于中國內(nèi)地的最南方，北隔瓊州海峽，穿越北部灣與雷州半島相望。海南省是中國陸地面積最小的省份，但卻是海洋面積最大的省份，其主要組成部分為海南島、西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島及其海域，介于北緯1 8°10' ~ 20°10‘，東經(jīng)108°37' ~ 11°005’之間。

海南省是中國唯一的熱帶海洋島嶼省份，占全國熱帶土地面積的42. 5070。海南島的年平均氣溫23.8度;氣溫最高月份為7~8月，平均氣溫為25℃~ 29℃;最冷的月份為1~2月，平均氣溫10℃~ 24℃，每天日照時間為12小時，可謂北方人在寒冬時節(jié)避寒度假的天堂。

民族風(fēng)情

海南歷史悠久，海南島是僅次于臺灣的全國第二大島。海南島是一個移民島，其居民于不同的年代，在不同的背景下來自內(nèi)陸的各個地方。海南省是一個多民族省份，海南島上居住著30多個民族，其中漢、黎、苗、回族是歷代常住居民，漢族的人口最多。

海南省少數(shù)民族中黎族人口最多，他們是最早的居民，五指山地區(qū)就是黎族同胞最早聚居的地方，他們有著自己的文化習(xí)俗。他們移居到這里已有三千多年的歷史，有自己的語言，沿用漢文書寫。黎族是一個勤勞的民族，以農(nóng)耕為主，他們的面錦工藝始于唐宋時期，著名的黎錦茌海內(nèi)外享有盛名，黎族自然村更有獨(dú)特的旅游觀光價值。

苗族是海南第二大少數(shù)民族，現(xiàn)有人口大約六萬，居住在海南的瓊中和保亭自治縣，主要居住在山區(qū)。據(jù)說苗族是從廣西壯族自治區(qū)、貴州省和湖南省等地區(qū)遷移而來。苗族服飾還保留著濃厚的民族傳統(tǒng)特色，五色飯是苗族的特色飲食，苗族同胞能歌善舞。

回族也是海南省的主要少數(shù)民族之一，在海南有著悠久的居住史。他們主要居住在海南島最南端的三亞市鳳凰鎮(zhèn)，共有人口七千多人。在生活方面他們還仍保持著伊斯蘭教習(xí)俗，于每年9月28日聚會慶祝自己的伊斯蘭教傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日--古爾邦節(jié)。

海南島不僅是移民之鄉(xiāng)，也是我國著名的僑鄉(xiāng)之一，其華僑的數(shù)量僅次于廣東、福建兩省，居全國第三位。海南旅居或定居的海外瓊籍華僑、華人和港澳同胞300多萬人，分布于世界59個國家和地區(qū)，其中50%聚居在泰國、新加坡、馬來西亞等東南亞國家。

海南島上的各種地方節(jié)日和異樣的習(xí)俗令過往游客流連忘返。

節(jié)慶活動

海南島上各民族同胞和諧相處，他們不僅分享著中國的重要傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，如春節(jié)、端午節(jié)、中秋節(jié)等，還享有自己的節(jié)日，如“三月三”，即農(nóng)歷的三月初三，是黎族和苗族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。這一天是黎族和苗族未婚青年男女相互傳送鐘情，追求美好愛情的日子。在這一天，居住在附近的青年男女們身著艷 麗的服裝，手牽著手一邊唱歌，一邊跳竹竿舞。有愛情的男女們相約在船形屋里談情說愛，女人們身著別致的筒裙，他們吃的是竹筒燜的米飯，喝的是自家釀的山蘭酒。島上的民族節(jié)日還有府城換花節(jié)、儋州中秋賽歌會等。

自從1 988年海南建省以來，還有一些專為促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)而新興的地方節(jié)慶，如南山長壽文化節(jié)、三亞天涯國際婚禮節(jié)以及中國海南島歡樂節(jié)等。其中，海南島歡樂節(jié)的來歷源于海南要打造成中國的旅游島，必須有一個為旅游聚人氣、為游客添歡樂的全省性旅游節(jié)慶。為了挖掘和提升海南的旅游文化，由海南省政府和國家旅游局主辦，每年1 1月舉行。年復(fù)一年，海南島歡樂節(jié)已經(jīng)聞名遐邇，成為全省、全國乃至全世界享有盛名的狂歡節(jié)之一，節(jié)日期間，人們可以和世界著名的影星、世界小姐等一起共享快樂。

近年來，國外的一些節(jié)日，如情人節(jié)、愚人節(jié)、圣誕節(jié)等，在當(dāng)?shù)匾埠苁⑿小?/p>

旅游資源

海南島的地勢酷似金字塔，中部的山脈是著名的五指山，海拔為1 876米，比中國內(nèi)地的泰山高出300米，周圍六百多座高高矮矮的山峰猶如寶島的脊梁，偉岸挺拔;四周環(huán)繞著臺地，還有寬窄不等的平原。大自然的神奇威力在這里雕刻出壯觀的山川、湖泊，撒播無數(shù)物種，形成氣象萬千的熱帶雨林自然景觀，如森林、草原、田野、人?？凇⒓t樹林、巖礁、盆地、濕地和澙湖等。海南島的森林覆蓋率達(dá)50c7C以上，從空中俯瞰，整個島嶼酷似一座山川相間、叢林覆蓋的山峰。

海南島和美國的夏威夷地處同一緯度，但其降雨量在世界的同一緯度堪稱之最。別樣的氣候使海南島四季如春，充足的光和熱量適宜熱帶植物四季生長，如水稻、甘蔗、棕櫚、肉桂、劍麻、檳榔、咖啡、茶葉、地瓜、花生和煙草等。綠色的海南島上處處鳥語花香，有著豐富的自然資源：宜人的海水、迷人的沙灘、高聳的崇山峻嶺，茂密的叢林植被。傳統(tǒng)上享有“綠色寶庫”、“溫泉之島”、“熱帶果園”及“四季花園”之美譽(yù)。

海南不僅生產(chǎn)熱帶農(nóng)作物，還盛產(chǎn)熱帶水果，諸如椰子、菠蘿蜜、菠蘿、芒果、荔枝、龍眼、香蕉、紅毛丹、人心果、榴蓮、番石榴、黃皮獼猴桃等熱帶水果。此外，在這原始熱帶雨林里生存著4600多種野生植物，其中有六百多種是海南特有的物種。這里還生活著560多種野生的路棲脊椎動物，有許多世界上瀕臨滅絕的物種，其中兩棲類37種，僅見于海南的有11種。列入國家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)的野生動物有134種，鳥類有344種。生物家們認(rèn)為，海南是世界上目前少有的生物基因庫。置身其中，你會產(chǎn)生時光倒流的感覺，也許你會感嘆大自然的博大精深神秘莫測。

風(fēng)味小吃

海南有遠(yuǎn)近聞名的“四大名菜”--文昌雞、嘉積鴨、東山羊、和樂蟹。文昌雞和嘉積鴨之所以聞著名，主要是因為肉嫩色美、皮脆之不膩。東山羊以當(dāng)?shù)靥烊徊铻槭常虼藷o論是燜，還是清燉，都是肉肥而不膩，湯濃而不膻。和樂蟹的獨(dú)到之處就是膏滿、肉肥、黃鮮，真是令人垂涎三尺。此外就是著名的地方風(fēng)味，有瓊州椰子煲、椰奶雞、臨高乳豬、曲口海鮮、三亞梅花參、三亞鮑魚、海南龍蝦、萬泉鯉、海南山牛肉、海南紅魚粽、那大香肉、黎族甜糟、竹筒飯、黎家酸菜、五色飯、海南粉、海南雞飯、海南粽、海南火鍋、椰絲糯米粑等。

推薦景點(diǎn)

海南島四季常青，景色宜人。在海南島北部的省城海口，有許多著名的游覽景區(qū)，如最大的熱帶生態(tài)園--萬綠園、?？邳S金西海岸帶狀公園、桂林洋濱海旅游區(qū)、東寨港紅樹林自然保護(hù)區(qū)、野菠蘿島和海底村莊、海南熱帶海洋世界。在海南島的南部有著名的旅游城--三亞，那里有景色宜人，堪稱世界之最的天涯海角、大東海、亞龍灣、蝴蝶谷、南山寺、大小洞天、鹿回頭公園等。此外，海南島還有許多其他著名的景區(qū)，如興隆熱帶植物園、博鰲水城、南灣猴島、文昌東郊椰林風(fēng)景區(qū)、居丁珍稀動物園、蜈支州島、五指山、萬泉河漂流、六大濕泉以及許多著名的瀑布。