新研究表明:大麻或改編精子基因

We already know that cannabis lowers sperm count, but new research suggests that the drug actuallycauses changes to the sperm itself - which mighthave implications for the health of a potential baby.

我們都知道大麻會(huì)降低精子數(shù)量，但新研究表明，大麻實(shí)際上或?qū)е戮颖旧戆l(fā)生變化--可能對(duì)即將出生的寶寶的健康產(chǎn)生影響。

For a study published today in the journalEpigenetics, scientists at Duke University comparedthe sperm of two groups of rats: those who had beengiven tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactiveingredient in cannabis, and those who had not. Then they compared the sperm of 24 humanmen who smoked marijuana weekly versus a control group who used marijuana no more than10 times in their life and not at all in the past half-year. In both cases - rats and humans - marijuana changed how genes work in sperm cells.

《表觀遺傳學(xué)》期刊今日發(fā)表了一篇研究：杜克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家將兩組大鼠的精子進(jìn)行了對(duì)比：一組大鼠被注射了四氫大麻醇(THC，大麻中的精神活性成分)，另一組沒(méi)有。之后，他們比對(duì)了每周吸食大麻的24位男性的精子與一生中使用大麻不超過(guò)10次的男性對(duì)照組(過(guò)去半年從未吸過(guò))的精子。在這兩種情況下--大鼠和人類(lèi)--大麻都改變了基因在精子細(xì)胞中的作用。

 

 

Think of your DNA as a list of instructions for making proteins, and genes as small subsets ofthat list. Our body has little chemical tags (called methyl groups) that get added to the DNA atspecific regions, explains Susan Kay Murphy, a professor of gynecology at Duke and co-authorof the study. These chemicals don't mutate the genes themselves, but they do affect howthey're used, like deciding which instructions are followed and which aren't.

將DNA視為產(chǎn)生蛋白質(zhì)的指令列表，并將基因看作列表中的子集。我們的身體幾乎沒(méi)有可以在特定區(qū)域添加到DNA中的化學(xué)標(biāo)簽(稱(chēng)為甲基)，杜克大學(xué)的婦科學(xué)教授以及本研究的共同作者蘇珊·凱·墨菲解釋道。這些化學(xué)物本身不會(huì)改變基因，但它們會(huì)影響基本的使用方式，例如：哪些指令該遵循，哪些不該遵循。

In both rats and humans, the cannabis affected many different genes involved in two differentpathways. (Think of pathways as another set of instructions, this time for regulating variousbodily functions.) One is important for organs to reach full size, and one plays a role in cancerand suppressing tumors. "That just blows my mind," says Murphy. "How do you even reconcilethat, biologically, an entire pathway is going to be affected by these changes?"

在大鼠和人類(lèi)的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，大麻影響了涉及兩種不同途徑的許多不同基因。(將途徑視作另一組指令，用于調(diào)節(jié)身體各種功能的指令。)一個(gè)對(duì)于器官達(dá)到完整尺寸十分重要，另一個(gè)在癌癥和抑制腫瘤中發(fā)揮作用。"這一發(fā)現(xiàn)令我大吃一驚，"墨菲說(shuō)道。"從生物學(xué)角度來(lái)看，我們又該如何協(xié)調(diào)這一變化，整個(gè)途徑將會(huì)受到這些變化的影響嗎?"

This doesn't mean that smoking cannabis will lead future children to be more vulnerable tocancer. Murphy is very clear that this is a pilot study originally intended to see if cannabiseven has any effect of this kind on sperm. The sample size is small, and they didn't control forthe concentration of THC the human recruits smoked. The scientists did, however, measureTHC in the urine and noted that more THC in the urine correlated with more changes.

這并不是說(shuō)，吸食大麻會(huì)導(dǎo)致將要出生的寶寶更易患癌癥。墨菲表達(dá)的非常清楚：這是一項(xiàng)試點(diǎn)研究，旨在研究大麻是否會(huì)對(duì)精子產(chǎn)生影響。而且研究的取樣很少，他們并沒(méi)有控制受試者吸食大麻的四氫大麻醇濃度。然而，科學(xué)家的確測(cè)量了尿液中的四氫大麻醇含量，并指出尿液中四氫大麻醇越多與更大的變化相關(guān)。